1. Trait emotional intelligence
K. V. Petrides
Trait emotional intelligence
K.V. Petrides
London Psychometric Laboratory
Department of Psychology, University College London, UK
Google: trait EI
October 2009, NTU Taipei

2. K. V. Petrides
Aims
To give an indication of the main divisions of the research programme
To mention, as opposed to explain, core research findings
All papers are downloadable from
To bring to your attention the range of assessment materials available via LPL
October 2009, NTU Taipei

3. Background & milestones
K. V. Petrides
Thornike’s ‘social intelligence’.
Gardner’s (1983) ‘multiple intelligences’.
Intrapersonal intelligence
Interpersonal intelligence
‘Emotional intelligence’ as a term appears in Greenspan (1989), Leuner (1966), Payne (1986).
Salovey & Mayer (1990)
Goleman (1995)
Petrides and colleagues (2000-)
Trait EI versus Ability EI
Trait emotional intelligence research programme
October 2009, NTU Taipei

4. Operationalization of EI
K. V. Petrides
Operationalization of EI
Two crucial issues are involved in the operationalization of EI (and of any other construct):
What is the sampling domain of construct?
How do we measure the various components of the sampling domain?
Until recently – and even now – the first question was resolved by having as many sampling domains and EI definitions as researchers in the field.
Until recently – and even now – the second question was not even considered, with researchers assuming that the use of self-report or maximum-performance tests has no implications for operationalization.
AND EVERYONE THOUGHT THEY WERE OPERATIONALIZING THE SAME CONSTRUCT
October 2009, NTU Taipei

5. K. V. Petrides
Trait EI vs ability EI
Ability EI (or ‘cognitive-emotional ability’) in theory encompasses emotion-related cognitive abilities and should be measured via maximum-performance tests (although this has not proved possible).
Trait EI (or ‘trait emotional self-efficacy’) encompasses emotion-related dispositions and self-perceptions and should be measured via self-report questionnaires.
October 2009, NTU Taipei

6. Trait EI vs ability EI II
K. V. Petrides
Trait EI vs ability EI II
October 2009, NTU Taipei

7. Veridical scoring in IQ tests
KV Petrides
Veridical scoring in IQ tests
Nonverbal analogies
Raven’s matrices
The existence of single, invariant, and objectively derived correct response is a defining characteristic of intelligence testing.

8. Operationalization of ability EI
K. V. Petrides
Operationalization of ability EI
If ability EI is a new cognitive ability, then items or tasks with emotional content need to be developed such that they can be scored according to truly veridical criteria.
In other words, the construct in its entirety ought to be assessed through items that can be responded to correctly or incorrectly.
Is it possible to develop EI items along cognitive ability lines?
NO: emotional experience is inherently subjective (Brody, 2004; Locke, 2005; Pérez, Petrides, & Furnham, 2005; Watson, 2000).
OBJECTIFY
SO WE ARE ABANDONING THE ABILITY EI CONSTRUCT AND FOCUSING ON:
October 2009, NTU Taipei

9. Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT)
K. V. Petrides
Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT)
October 2009, NTU Taipei

10. MSCEIT II
K. V. Petrides
Brody, N. (2004). What cognitive intelligence is and what emotional intelligence is not. Psychological Inquiry, 15,
Conte, J. M. (2005). A review and critique of emotional intelligence measures. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26,
Keele, S. M. & Bell, R. C. (2008). The factorial validity of emotional intelligence: An unresolved issue. Personality and individual differences, 44,
Ortony, A., Revelle, W., & Zinbarg, R. (2007). Why emotional intelligence needs a fluid component. In G. Matthews, M. Zeidner, & R. D. Roberts (Eds.), The science of emotional intelligence. Knowns and unknowns - Series in Affective Science (pp ). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
O’Sullivan, M., & Ekman, P. (2005). Facial expression recognition and emotional intelligence. In G. Geher, (Ed.). Measuring emotional intelligence: Common ground and controversy. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishing.
Rossen, E., Kranzler, J. H., & Algina, J. (2008). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test V2.0 (MSCEIT). Personality and Individual Differences, 44,
Wilhelm, O. (2005). Measures of emotional intelligence: practice and standards. In R. Schulze, & R. D. Roberts (Eds.), International handbook of emotional intelligence (pp ). Seattle, WA: Hogrefe & Huber.

11. Trait emotional intelligence
K. V. Petrides
Trait emotional intelligence
October 2009, NTU Taipei

12. K. V. Petrides
Trait EI
Trait emotional intelligence is a constellation of emotion-related self-perceptions located at the lower levels of personality hierarchies (Petrides, Pita, & Kokkinaki, 2007).
The trait EI sampling domain aims to provide comprehensive coverage of the emotion-related aspects of personality.
Trait EI rejects the notion that emotions can be artificially objectified in order to be made amenable to veridical scoring, along IQ lines.
An alternative label for the construct is “trait emotional self-efficacy”.
October 2009, NTU Taipei

13. The sampling domain of trait EI
K. V. Petrides
The sampling domain of trait EI
Petrides & Furnham (2001; EJP):
October 2009, NTU Taipei

14. K. V. Petrides
October 2009, NTU Taipei

15. K. V. Petrides
Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue , TEIQue-SF, TEIQue-ASF, TEIQue-CF,TEIQue 360o)
TEIQue translations
Greek
French
Spanish
Chinese
Portuguese
Dutch
Norwegian
Croatian
Serbian
Italian
TEIQue-SF
30 items, global trait EI score
Adolescent TEIQue-ASF
TEIQue 360o
153 items, 15 subscales, 4 factors, global trait EI score.
Theory-based
Research-based
Peer-reviewed
Open-access
October 2009, NTU Taipei

16. Trait EI factor structure
K. V. Petrides
October 2009, NTU Taipei

17. Trait EI: Experimental studies
K. V. Petrides
Trait EI: Experimental studies
Petrides & Furnham, 2003; EJP
Tension & Depression
Anger & Vigour
Confusion & Total POMS
N = 30; Residualized Trait EI scores
October 2009, NTU Taipei

18. Trait EI and academic performance I
K. V. Petrides
Trait EI and academic performance I
Petrides, Frederickson, & Furnham, 2004; N = 650; PAID
November, 2007, UCLan, UK
July 2009, Athens GREECE

19. Trait EI and academic performance II
KV Petrides
Trait EI and academic performance II
+1 SD
Petrides, Frederickson, & Furnham, 2004; N = 650; PAID

20. Trait EI and academic performance III
KV Petrides
Petrides, Frederickson, & Furnham, 2004; N = 650; PAID

21. Trait EI and behaviour at school
K. V. Petrides
KV Petrides
Petrides, Frederickson, & Furnham, 2004; PAID
Trait EI and behaviour at school
Pupils with high trait EI scores tend to have fewer unauthorised absences (truancy).
Pupils with high trait EI scores are less likely have been expelled from their school for serious breaches of discipline (exclusions).
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October 2009, NTU Taipei

22. Self- and other-ratings of trait EI
Petrides, Sangareau, Furnham, & Frederickson, 2006; 10.8 years; Soc Dev
K. V. Petrides
KV Petrides
Mavroveli, Petrides, Rieffe, & Bakker, 2007; BJDP
Self- and other-ratings of trait EI
Petrides et al., Psicothema, 2006 ; N = 35 ballet students

23. Trait EI in children I More than EQ questionnaires and tests
K. V. Petrides
More than EQ questionnaires and tests
Mavroveli, Petrides, Shove, & Whitehead, 2008; ECAP
October 2009, NTU Taipei 23

24. K. V. Petrides
Trait EI in children II
Mavroveli, Petrides, Shove, & Whitehead, 2008; ECAP
October 2009, NTU Taipei

25. Trait EI in children III
K. V. Petrides
Trait EI in children III
Mavroveli, Petrides, Sangareau, & Furnham, 2009; BJEP
October 2009, NTU Taipei

26. Trait EI and teen self-harm
K. V. Petrides
Trait EI and teen self-harm
Mikolajczak, Petrides, & Hurry, 2009; BJHP
October 2009, NTU Taipei

27. Trait EI and communicative anxiety
K. V. Petrides
Trait EI and communicative anxiety
L1; N = 425
L2; N = 406
Dewaele, Petrides, & Furnham, 2008; Language Learning
October 2009, NTU Taipei

28. Trait EI in Asperger’s Syndrome
K. V. Petrides
Trait EI in Asperger’s Syndrome
October 2009, NTU Taipei

29. Behavioral genetics of trait EI
Vernon, Petrides, Bratko, & Shermer, J. A. (2008); Emotion
K. V. Petrides
Behavioral genetics of trait EI
July 2009, Athens GREECE

30. Trait EI and big five – Genetic analysis
K. V. Petrides N E O A C
Vernon, Villani, Aitken Schermer, & Petrides, 2008; TRHG
October 2009, NTU Taipei

31. Trait EI and humor styles – Genetic analysis
K. V. Petrides
Vernon et al., 2009; JID
October 2009, NTU Taipei

32. Gender differences in trait EI
K. V. Petrides
Gender differences in trait EI
Overall, small or non-existent gender differences in global trait EI scores.
TEIQue data; N = 351; p = ns
Modified EQ-i data; N = 166; p < .01
Petrides, Furnham, & Martin (2004); N = 224; JSP
TEIQue-SF data; N = 668; p < .01
Schutte et al. scale data; N = 260; p = ns

33. Incremental validity of trait EI
K. V. Petrides
Incremental validity of trait EI
N = 200
Petrides, Pérez, & Furnham, 2007; C & E
N = 212; Spain

34. K. V. Petrides
Trait SI - Definition
The domain of SI lacks the objectivity required to be amenable to maximum-performance measurement.
Trait SI (or trait social self-efficacy) is a constellation of social self-perceptions located at the lower levels of hierarchical personality structures.
October 2009, NTU Taipei 34

35. The sampling domain of trait SI
K. V. Petrides
The sampling domain of trait SI
Sampling domain:
Negotiating
Perspective taking
Communicative anxiety
Networking
Savoir vivre
Social forecasting
Social relationships
Social confidence
Social attentiveness
Managing others
Understanding others
Social desirability
Teamwork/cooperation
Social adaptability
Social interest/social empathy
October 2009, NTU Taipei 35

36. Trait Social Intelligence Questionnaire (v. 1.5) (TSIQue & TSIQue-SF)
K. V. Petrides
Trait Social Intelligence Questionnaire (v. 1.5) (TSIQue & TSIQue-SF)
Internal consistencies are high at all levels.
Factor structure
15 facets
3 factors (Social acting, Social thinking, Social relating)
Global trait SI
A lot of work has gone into this!
All versions and forms available free for research purposes
October 2009, NTU Taipei 36

37. The trait intelligences research program
K. V. Petrides
The trait intelligences research program
Research divisions
Psychometric
Educational
Industrial/Organizational
Child/Human Development
Behavioral Genetic
International links
UK, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Greece, India, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain.
Current & past funding bodies
ESRC
Nuffield Foundation
British Academy
University of London
Students
PhD: E. Cole
BA, BSc, MA, MSc, MPhil
www
October 2009, NTU Taipei 37