1. For use with Technical Editing 3e
although, but, however This presentation explains how these words affect sentence structure and punctuation.
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For use with Technical Editing 3e

2. For use with Technical Editing 3e
although but however
These three words are related semantically (in meaning): they all signal a contrast in the information that follows with the information that precedes.
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For use with Technical Editing 3e

3. For use with Technical Editing 3e
However, these words differ structurally: they are different parts of speech and affect sentence patterns in different ways.
although but however
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For use with Technical Editing 3e

4. although, but, however semantic similarity structural difference
An editor needs to know the structural difference in order to punctuate sentences correctly.
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For use with Technical Editing 3e

5. although, but, however sentence patterns and punctuation
Punctuation errors can result from using the words as interchangeable.
Misreading can result from errors.
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For use with Technical Editing 3e

6. For use with Technical Editing 3e
parts of speech
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For use with Technical Editing 3e

7. For use with Technical Editing 3e
sentence analysis
Although I have studied the textbook, I am still confused.
two clauses (2 pairs of subject + verb)
subordinating conjunction (“although”)
dependent clause
complex sentence: comma after the introductory clause
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For use with Technical Editing 3e

8. For use with Technical Editing 3e
sentence analysis
I have studied the textbook, but I am still confused.
coordinating conjunction (“but”)
two independent clauses
compound sentence: comma separates clauses with a coordinating conjunction
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For use with Technical Editing 3e

9. For use with Technical Editing 3e
sentence analysis
I have studied the textbook; however, I am still confused.
conjunctive adverb (“however”); joins clauses but does not affect the sentence pattern
two independent clauses
compound sentence, no coordinating conjunction-->semicolon
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For use with Technical Editing 3e

10. For use with Technical Editing 3e
sentence analysis
I am confused. I have, however, studied the textbook.
adverb (“however”)
two simple sentences
the adverb is an interrupting word that requires a pair of commas
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For use with Technical Editing 3e

11. review although, but, however
Parts of speech affect sentence patterns.
Although, but, and however are different parts of speech.
although--subordinating conjunction
but--coordinating conjunction
however--conjunctive adverb
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For use with Technical Editing 3e

12. For use with Technical Editing 3e
review sentence types
compound sentence = two independent clauses
join with comma plus coordinating conjunction
join with a semicolon
complex sentence = one independent clause, one dependent clause
join with a comma or nothing (never a semicolon)
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For use with Technical Editing 3e

13. review although, but, however
Although makes a clause dependent and the sentence complex.
But joins independent clauses in a compound sentence.
However can join independent clauses but does not change their independence.
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For use with Technical Editing 3e

14. editing: original sentence
When editors analyze sentence structure, they punctuate correctly; although it is easy to confuse different parts of speech.
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For use with Technical Editing 3e

15. For use with Technical Editing 3e
editing: analysis
dependent clause (S+V + subordinating conjunction)
independent clause (S+V)
When editors analyze sentence structure
they punctuate correctly
although it is easy to confuse different parts of speech.
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For use with Technical Editing 3e

16. option for punctuation #1
Delete the semicolon (or replace it with a comma): maintain complex sentence.
When editors analyze sentence structure, they punctuate correctly died although it is easy to confuse different parts of speech.
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For use with Technical Editing 3e

17. option for punctuation #2
Replace although with however and retain the semicolon: create a compound sentence.
When editors analyze sentence structure, they punctuate correctly; however, it is easy to confuse different parts of speech.
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For use with Technical Editing 3e

18. For use with Technical Editing 3e
Choosing an option
In this case, the second option is easier to read because it has two independent clauses rather than two dependent clauses.
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For use with Technical Editing 3e

19. For use with Technical Editing 3e
although, but, however
know parts of speech
know the ways these words affect clauses
punctuate according to structure
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For use with Technical Editing 3e