1. European Imperialism in China

2. The Opium War (1839) Qing Dynasty in decline
British force open trade w/ China
OPIUM only product Britain had that China wanted
used as currency
widespread addiction
gov’t attempts to stop
blew up a British ship loaded w/ opium
British quickly defeat China

3. Treaty of Nanjing (August 1842)
Unequal treaties
Emperor paid for destroyed opium
Spheres of Influence
US Open Door Policy
HONG KONG
until 1997

4. Hong Kong 1842: British received in the Treaty of Nanjing
Returned Hong Kong back in 1997 according to the treaty
“one country, two systems”

5. Unrest & Revolution Boxer Rebellion Taiping Rebellion
20-60 million killed
1851: 432 million pop.
1911: million pop
Ci Xi (Empress Dowager)
power behind the throne
Boxer Rebellion
“fist of righteous harmony”
Anti-western / Anti-imperialism movement
Led to the rise of COMMUNISM in China

6. CHINA’S COMMUNIST-CAPITALIST SPLIT

7. The Nationalist Party Kuomingdang (KMT) Founder: Dr. Sun Yatsen
Successor: Chang Kai-Shek
Support from: Bourgeoise
the rich
land owners
higher educated
Goals: 3 Principles o/t Ppl
Democracy
Capitalism
Nationalism
Livelihood

8. DR. SUN YATSEN

9. CHANG KAI-SHEK

10. Chinese Communist Party (CCP) 1949
People’s Republic of China
1st Leader: Mao Zedong
Support from: Proletariat
peasants / poor
Goals: totalitarianism
economic/social equality
classless system
religion is outlawed
no private property
Successor: Deng Xiaoping

11. KARL MARX Wrote: “The Communist Manifesto” Predicted:
“The Proletariat would rise up against the ruling class” (bourgeoise)

12. MAO ZEDONG Born under FEUDALISM Mao’s New Order Totalitarianism
CCP has total control
Support from peasants thru propaganda
Immediate influences:
order is restored
ended foreign influence
become self-sufficient

13. Great Leap Forward (1958-1962) Propaganda poster
Mao’s call for a superhuman effort to modernize in one great leap forward
Collective Farms: gov’t forced ppl to pool all their resources together
Communes: 20,000 people to a commune
hope for huge increase in agricultural output
HUGE FAILURE
upwards of 40 million starved to death
1957: Hundred Flowers Campaign: "Let a hundred flowers bloom, let a hundred schools of though contend".
Propaganda poster

14. Cultural Revolution (1966)
To renew the communist revolutionary spirit
due to failure o/t Great Leap Forward
root out “capitalist roaders”
Red Guards
students & young factory workers
attacked non-Mao supporters
Effects: schools closed
factories slowed production
Red Guards were sent to faraway rural areas
Ppl lost faith in Mao

15. Four Modernizations 1972: Nixon visits China 1976: Mao dies
1978: DENG XIAOPING
Four Modernizations:
Modernizing agriculture
Expanding industry
Developing science & tech
Upgrading the military
“responsibility system”
Special Economic Zones (SEZ)
“Made in China”

17. Beijing