1. Japanese company structure VS American company structure

2. Key concepts to understand Japanese Business system 年功序列（ねんこうじょれつ） -Salary goes higher as you get older 終身雇用 ( しゅうしんこよう） - Once you are hired by the company, you will work for it until you retire 人事異動（じんじいどう） - You are assigned various kinds of jobs in different departments within the company

3. Salary Japan ‘ 年功序列 ’ （ねんこうじょれつ） － You get higher salary as you get older Salary you get now is not always related to your current performance US Your salary is based on your current performance

4. Difference of salary you get and salary based on your performance

5. Findings You need to stay in the company until you retire to get the salary that you haven not received This salary system ( 年功序列） is closely related to 永年雇用 system

6. Company system Japan Cross functional Workers are assigned various jobs within a company 人事異動（じんじいどう） Your career is developed within a company Ex)A marketing senior manager is promoted to a HR Vice president US Vertical functional Workers are promoted within a department Your career is developed within a market

7. Recruiting and Promotion Decision makers Japan HR department They have the function of recruiting and promoting of allover the company US Each department There are recruiters but each department often has recruiting functions too Managers of each department usually has promotion functions

8. Skills required Japan General skills is required in a company Workers try to get overall skills that is necessary to fulfill various jobs in a company US Special skills that is required for a job in the market Workers try to get special skills that is necessary to fulfill a specific job

9. Commitment Japan: Lifelong ( 終身 雇用） Once you are hired to the company, basically you will work for the company until you retire Exception)Workers are sometimes sent to an another company that has relation with his/her company but mainly it is for making stronger connection between companies US: Short term You change companies or jobs and proceed within the market Average Americans have 6-8 different jobs and 3-4 different occupations

10. Japan: Good points/ Bad points Good You are able to see overall company, which helps you to be a manager who is fully understanding the company Insider CEOs care more about company future or reputation than their own reputation or benefit Strong company culture and strong loyalty is developed -employees are thought to be assets rather than cost You can save the cost for workers who quit jobs Bad It is not easy to leave a company which you find you do not fit You might be assigned to a department that you do not desire Not getting people who has experience in a different market makes companies more difficult to get new wind It is not easy to fire low productive workers

11. US: Good points/ Bad points Good Flexible-you are able to change companies, jobs as you desire You can fire low productive workers easily Getting new workers who has experience of a different market or jobs brings new wind to a company Bad It is not easy to share company culture with new workers It is expensive to advertise a job opening, recruit and train a new worker Outsider CEOs care more about their own reputation or benefit than company reputation of future Companies lay-off employees easily, employees quits easily -low trust