1. Spatial Data Infrastructure Concepts and Components Douglas Nebert U.S. Federal Geographic Data Committee Secretariat August 2009

2. 2 What is a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI)? “The SDI provides a basis for spatial data discovery, evaluation, and application for users and providers within all levels of government, the commercial sector, the non-profit sector, academia and by citizens in general.” --The SDI Cookbook http://www.gsdi.org

3. 3 Components of a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Policies & Institutional Arrangements (governance, data privacy & security, data sharing, cost recovery) People (training, professional development, cooperation, outreach) Data (digital base map, thematic, statistical, place names) Technology (hardware, software, networks, databases, technical implementation plans)

4. Here’s an overview of the elements and status of SDI…

5. Metadata GEOdata Clearinghouse (catalog) Framework Standards Partnerships MetadataMetadata Standards Partnerships Discovery Access Services Processing FrameworkGEOdata

6. F The first task is to inventory who has what data of what type and quality F A standardized form of metadata was published in June 1994 by the US FGDC. An international standard (ISO 19115/19139) now exists and is being adopted by most countries MetadataMetadata

7. Metadata can apply to data, services, and other resource types Provides documentation of existing internal geospatial resources within an organisation (inventory) Permits structured search and comparison of held geospatial resources by others (catalog) Provides end-users with adequate information to take the resource and apply it in an appropriate context (documentation) ISO 19115/TS19139 provide an international standard for metadata and its encoding

8. 8 Metadata Formats Metadata from ISO 19115 can be expressed in XML referencing ISO 19139 for exchange XML metadata may include reference to an XML Style Sheet (XSL) to present the XML data in a browser Metadata format may also be presented by requesting the HTML format Metadata can also be converted to an X-HTML format that can be parsed and presented

9. F Metadata describes data and service resources for order, access, or local use F Metadata is used to describe all types of data, emphasis on ‘truth in labeling’ MetadataMetadata Geospatial Data ServicesServices

10. F Special-use thematic layers are built and described as available geospatial data F Common data layers are being defined in the Framework activity MetadataMetadata FrameworkGEOdata

11. 11 Framework Data Standards Eleven abstract data content standards are being promulgated through the ANSI process as American National Standards Each theme (layer) is also described as XML/GML Application Schemas that can be served over the Web (OGC Web Feature Services)

12. 12 Scope: Framework Layers Elevation Orthoimagery Hydrographic Data Governmental Unit Boundaries Cadastral Geodetic Control Transportation Roads n Air Rail n Marine Transit

13. 13 Interoperability with common Framework data encoding System 1 System 3 System 2API export import API export import WFS Core Framework Encoding

14. ServicesServices The NSDI includes the services to help discover and interact with data MetadataMetadata FrameworkGEOdata

15. This Discovery Service is provided by a national catalog of geospatial information which can be accessed by a national portal Services An important common service in SDI is that of discovering resources through metadata Discovery Access Processing MetadataMetadata FrameworkGEOdata

16. 16 National Geo-Portal capabilities Help locate data and services Support download of data, link to related websites, and applications for others to access Support self-organizing communities post and manage selected content Share data collection plans and requirements to support partnerships and collaboration

17. 17 Functional Areas in the Portal Search – enables users to find geospatial data Communities – highlight authoritative data sources Featured Resources – highlight maps, applications and websites of current interest

18. 18 Metadata Publication Options Users may contribute metadata one of three ways: Enter metadata into a form on the catalog and they are stored and indexed there Upload metadata as XML to the catalog from a GIS or metadata program Register their existing metadata collection or service to be harvested into the national catalog

19. 19 metadata catalog Portal map viewer metadata data form entry XML upload search map services

20. Services Discovery Access Processing F This may be made via static files on ftp or via web services. These services deliver ‘raw’ geospatial data, not maps. F A second category of services provides standardised access to geospatial information MetadataMetadata FrameworkGEOdata

21. 21 Interoperable data access Web Server form postgreSQL ArcSDE Minnesota mapserver ArcIMS Access Deegree OGC WMS Request OGC WMS Services Native Services AutoCAD GeoMedia Oracle MapExtreme Distributed provider organizations

22. Services Discovery Access Processing A third class of services provides additional processing on geospatial information MetadataMetadata FrameworkGEOdata

23. Processing Services  These include capabilities that extend and enhance the delivery of data through processes applied to raw data:  Web Mapping Services (OGC WMS)  Symbolization (OGC SLD)  Coordinate Transformation (OGC WCTS)  Analysis or topologic overlay services  Routing services

24. 24 Web Mapping Services Web Mapping Services UI Catalog Services Catalog Services Web Feature Services Web Feature Services Community Registry Community Registry Catalog Client Catalog Client Web Client Web Coverage Services Web Coverage Services Symbols current Interface Software/Service Information Function Metadata ISO19119, ebRIM Metadata ISO19119, ebRIM contains queries registered services future OGC Portal Engine interacts with executes or schedules Thesaurus Gazetteer enhances query with requests map from feeds server info to 1. builds query screens for 2. submits queries/requests to 3. returns search responses 4. presents maps or data 123,4 UDDI register/update UDDI accessed via Object-relationship Diagram for SDI Architecture V4 March 2006 DDN requests GML from now: planned.: provides application access through WMS WFS WMSWFSCAT requests raster data from WCS Application Client Application Client MetaDB queries searches WMS CAT WCS OGC Web Coverage Service OGC Catalog Service OGC Web Map Service WFS OGC Web Feature Service Metadata DB/Index Metadata DB/Index Spatial Data Spatial Data Metadata FGDC CSDGM, ISO19115 Metadata FGDC CSDGM, ISO19115 are derived from are loaded to or stored in coupled to or integrated with draws layers from makes maps from Spatial DBMS made searchable through extracts from extracts from CAT ??? records harvested to WFS are derived for each advertised by

25. F Standardization makes SDI work F Standards touch every SDI activity Discovery Standards Access Services Processing Standards include specifications, formal standards, and documented practices MetadataMetadata FrameworkGEOdata

26. 26 SDI Suite 1.0 Candidate OGC Web Map Service 1.1.1 OGC Web Feature Service 1.0 OGC Filter Encoding 1.0 OGC Web Coverage Service 1.0 OGC Geography Markup Language 2.1.2 OGC Catalog Services 2.0 Z39.50 Protocol Binding FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM, 1998) SDI Suite 1.0 Supplemental ISO Metadata Standard 19115 and ISO TS 19139 OGC Geography Markup Language 3.1.1 OGC Styled Layer Descriptor 1.0 OGC Web Map Context 1.1 OGC Catalog Services 2.0 HTTP Protocol Binding, CS-W Candidate “SDI 1.0” Standards

27. Partnerships extend our capabilities Standards Partnerships Discovery Access Services Processing MetadataMetadata FrameworkGEOdata

28. Partnerships are the glue... Proper governance of the community is essential through a variety of roles and responsibilities National government or NGOs should partner with other levels of government and sectors to promote 2-way coordination The government or a foundation may be able to fund agencies with “seed” funding to further existing efforts toward common goals Partnerships extend local capabilities in technology, skills, logistics, and data

29. 29 Thank you! Doug Nebert US Federal Geographic Data Committee ddnebert@usgs.gov +1 703 648 4151