1. Components, Quantities, and Units
Chapter 1
Components, Quantities, and Units

2. Introduction
This chapter will give you a preview of the types of things you will study throughout this book

3. Objectives
Recognize common electrical components and measuring instruments
State basic electrical and magnetic quantities and their units
Use Scientific notation to express quantities
Use engineering notation and metric prefixes to express large and small quantities
Convert from one metric-prefixed unit to another

4. Resistors
Resistors limit electrical current in a circuit

5. Capacitors
Capacitors store electrical charge and are used to block dc and pass ac

6. Inductors
Inductors, or coils, are used to store energy in an electromagnetic field

7. Transformers
Transformers are used for ac coupling, or to increase/decrease ac voltages

8. Electronic Instruments

9. Electronic Instruments
A DC power supply provides current and voltage to power electronic circuits
A function generator provides electronic signals for our circuits
A digital multimeter (DMM) can be used as a voltmeter, ammeter or ohmmeter, depending upon the function selected

10. Oscilloscope
The oscilloscope us used for observing and measuring ac voltage signals in a circuit
Digital storage scopes are able to store waveforms
Some digital scopes are can perform analysis on waveforms

11. Digital Multimeter
A digital multimeter (DMM) measures voltage, current or resistance, depending upon the function selected
A voltmeter is used to measure voltage across a component or circuit
An ammeter is used to measure current through a circuit
An ohmmeter is used to measure resistance

12. Electrical Units
Letters are used in electronics to represent quantities and units
The units and symbols are defined by the SI system
The term SI is the French abbreviation for System International

13. Electrical Units

14. Magnetic Units
Letters are also used to represent magnetic quantities and units in the SI system

15. Scientific Notation
Scientific notation is a convenient method of expressing large and small numbers
A quantity is expressed as a number between 1 and 10, and a power of ten
Example:
5000 would be expressed as 5 x 103 in Scientific notation.

16. Powers of Ten
The power of ten is expressed as an exponent of the base 10
Exponent indicates the number of places that the decimal point is moved to the right (positive exponent) or left (negative exponent) to produce the decimal number

17. Engineering Notation
Engineering notation is similar to Scientific notation, except that engineering notation can have from 1 to 3 digits to the left of the decimal place, and the powers of 10 are multiples of 3

18. Metric Prefixes
Metric prefixes are symbols that represent the powers of ten used in Engineering notation

19. Example of Metric Prefix
Consider the quantity amperes, it could be expressed as 25 x 10-3 A in Engineering notation, or using the metric prefix as 25 mA

20. Scientific notation vs Engineering notation
Consider the number: 23,000
In Scientific notation it would be expressed as: x 104
In Engineering notation it would be expressed as: 23 x 103

21. Metric Unit Conversions
When converting from a larger unit to a smaller unit, move the decimal point to the right
0.52 x 10-3 = 520 x 10-6
When converting from a smaller unit to a larger unit, move the decimal point to the left
1200 x 10-9 = 1.2 x 10-6
Determine the number of places that the decimal point is moved by finding the difference in powers of ten of the units being converted

22. Summary Resistors limit electric current
Capacitors store electrical charge
Inductors store energy in their electromagnetic field
Transformers magnetically couple ac voltages, and may step these voltages up/down

23. Summary Power supplies provide current and voltage
Voltmeters measure voltage
Ammeters measure current
Ohmmeters measure resistance
Digital Multimeters (DMM) measure voltage, current and resistance

24. Summary
Function generators provide electronic signals for our circuits
An oscilloscope is used for observing and measuring voltages in a circuit

25. Summary
Scientific notation expresses a number as one digit to the left of the decimal point times a power of ten
Engineering notation expresses a number as one, two or three digits to the left of the decimal point times a power of ten that is a multiple of 3
Metric symbols represent powers of 10 that are multiples of 3