1. Vaccination

2. Learning Objectives: 3.1.7 Vaccination and monoclonal antibodies
To understand the use of vaccines to protect against disease
To understand the role of memory cells and plasma cells in secondary response

3. The Speckled Monster

6. Edward Jenner 1796 experimented on eight-year-old James Phipps.
Pus from cowpox pustule into arm
folklore - milkmaids who suffered the mild disease of cowpox never contracted smallpox
Submitted paper to the Royal Society in 1797 but was told that his ideas were too revolutionary and that he needed more proof.
Jenner experimented on several other children, including his own 11-month-old son.
In 1798 the results were finally published and Jenner coined the word vaccine from the Latin 'vacca' for cow.

7. Artificially acquired
Acquired Immunity
Naturally acquired
Artificially acquired

8. Artificially acquired
Acquired Immunity
Naturally acquired
Artificially acquired
Active
Antigens enter body naturally
Antibodies & specialised lymphocytes produced

9. Artificially acquired
Acquired Immunity
Naturally acquired
Artificially acquired
Active
Passive
Antibodies pass from mother to foetus
Infant does not produce any antibodies of its own
Antigens enter body naturally
Antibodies & specialised lymphocytes produced

10. Artificially acquired
Acquired Immunity
Naturally acquired
Artificially acquired
Active
Passive
Active
Antibodies pass from mother to foetus
Infant does not produce any antibodies of its own
Antigens enter body naturally
Antibodies & specialised lymphocytes produced
Antigens are introduced in vaccines
Antibodies & specialised lymphocytes produced

11. Artificially acquired
Acquired Immunity
Naturally acquired
Artificially acquired
Active
Passive
Active
Passive
Antibodies pass from mother to foetus
Infant does not produce any antibodies of its own
Antibodies are introduced in an immune serum
Body does not produce any antibodies of its own
Antigens enter body naturally
Antibodies & specialised lymphocytes produced
Antigens are introduced in vaccines
Antibodies & specialised lymphocytes produced

12. http://highered. mcgraw-hill. com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop. cgi

14. Herd Immunity
Members of a community who are not immune to a disease are still protected, provided sufficient numbers of people in that community are immune
Little opportunity to spread and find a non-immune person
Only applies to diseases that are caught from other people
Contagious vs infectious

16. Outbreak Film Synopsis
Put the following steps into the correct sequence:
Pet store owner kisses girlfriend
Motaba virus discovered in Africa
Lab technician breaks vial of infected blood sample & is infected
Two people die
Monkey is shipped to U.S from Africa in illegal pet trade
Pet store owner is scratched by monkey
Lab technican coughs at the cinema – lots infected & die
Infected blood of two dead people is tested
Create anti-serum with monkeys antibodies & mystery serum just in time before the town is destroyed by the military in an attempt to contain the virus
Locate monkey and give mystery serum. Monkey recovers, people do not.

17. Smallpox – a bioweapon? Only two stockpiles of the virus remain
America
Russia
Guarded more closely than a nuclear weapon
WHO announced that smallpox was eradicated from the world in 1980
Immunisation programme stopped
Vaccine only effective for ten years – we now have no/little heard immunity.

19. Activity Imagine if there was a smallpox outbreak… Either:
Write a descriptive piece on what you would see/hear/etc
Write a newspaper article on the outbreak
Write a synopsis of a film charting the events of the outbreak