1. Cognitive Radio in a Frequency-Planned Environment: Can it Work? Erik Axell Erik G. Larsson and Mikael Skoglund, IEEE GLOBECOM, 2007

2. SENDORA – SEnsor Network for Dynamic and cOgnitive Radio Access Linköping University THALES Communications Institut Eurocom Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan Helsinki University of Technology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Telenor ASA Universitat de València Università degli Studi di Roma

3. The Scenario

4. Some Fundamental Questions Cognitive radios must transmit at very low power. How low must it be? Cognitive radios must expect very low C/(I+N) from primary system. What orders of magnitude? At an acceptable loss in primary system coverage, how large is the “area of cognitive operation”?

5. Basic Assumptions and Some Terminology Path loss and lognormal fading n-reuse frequency planning for primary system SINR for primary system, with primary base station power P 0  -SINR is the SINR achieved with probability 1- 

6. Primary System Operating Point Primary system is either noise limited, interference limited, or in-between. Quantify this in terms of ratio between noise and co- channel interference at the primary cell border:   -  [dB]: purely noise limited    [dB]: purely interference limited

7. With Cognitive Users SINR is now Suppose we can accept reduction in primary cell radius from r to r’. Then assume M cognitive users, each with power P, uniformly distributed in circular ring. How large can the circular ring, the ”area of cognitive operation,” be?

8. Feasible Operating Regions, with 7-reuse

9. Feasible Operating Regions, with 21-reuse

10. “Forbidden Region,” 12-reuse

11. Asymptotic Sensitivity Requirements The additional (compared to primary receivers) sensitivity requirement  is and satisfies

12. Main Conclusions If cognitive users are to be introduced, they must  Be few in numbers, since the aggregate power scales with the number of devices  Transmit with extremely low power, such as -30 dB below the primary system  Have very sensitive radios, in the order of 20-30 dB more sensitive than the primary system radios.