1. MATH for SCIENCE Temperature Conversions I.Temperature Scales ~ There are three different temperature scales; Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin. A.In the United States the Fahrenheit scale is used to measure the environmental temperatures. B.Most other nations use the Celsius scale for environmental temperatures. C.The Standard International (SI) temperature scale used in science is the Kelvin scale.

2. II.Conversion Formulas ~ A.Fahrenheit to CelsiusC.Celsius to Kelvin o C = 5 ( o F – 32 o ) o C = o K – 273 o 9 B.Celsius to FahrenheitD.Kelvin to Celsius o F = 9 o C + 32 oo K = o C + 273 o 5 E.Fahrenheit to KelvinF.Kelvin to Fahrenheit This is a two step process.This is a two step process. Step 1. o C = 5( o F – 32)Step 1. o C = o K – 273 9 Step 2. o K = o C + 273Step 2. o F = 9 o C + 32 Step 2. o K = o C + 273Step 2. o F = 9 o C + 32 5 5

3. III.Water Scales The temperatures for when water freezes and boils differ according to the temperature scale being used. See the following chart: At sea level & 25 o CFahrenheit CelsiusKelvin Water Boiling 212 o F 100 o C373 o K Water Freezing 32 o F 0 o C 273 o K

4. IV. Conversion Problems ~ These temperature conversion problems are easily done by substituting the given temperature into the appropriate equation. A. Fahrenheit to Celsius o C = 5 ( o F – 32) 9 9 1.50 o F to o C2. -10 o F to o C o C = 5 (50 – 32) = 10 o C o C = 5 (- 10 – 32) = - 23.3 o C 9 9 9 9 3. 80 o F to o C4. 98.6 0 F to o C 3. 80 o F to o C4. 98.6 0 F to o C o C = 5(80 – 32) = 26.7 o C o C = 5 (98.6 – 32) = 37 o C 9 9 9 9

5. B. Celsius to Fahrenheit o F = 9 o C + 32 5 5 1.25 o C to o F2.0 o C to o F o F = 9 (25) + 32 = 77 o F o F = 9 (0) + 32 = 32 o F 5 5 5 5 3.100 o C to o F4.45 o C to o F o F = 9 (100) + 32 = 212 o F o F = 9 (45) + 32 = 113 o F 5 5 5 5

6. C. Celsius to Kelvin o K = o C + 273 o 1.17 o C to o K2.40 o C to o K o K = 17 + 273 = 290 o K o K = 40 + 273 = 313 o K 3.100 o C to o K4.120 o C to o K o K = 100 + 273 = 373 o K o K = 120 + 273 = 393 o K D.Kelvin to Celsius o C = o K – 273 o 1.500 o K to o C2.0 o K to o C o C = 500 – 273 = 227 o C o C = 0 – 273 = - 273 o C 3.250 o K to o C4.355 o K to o C o C = 250 – 273 = - 23 o C o C = 355 – 273 = 82 o C

7. E.Fahrenheit to KelvinStep 1: o C = 5( o F – 32) 9 9 Step 2: o K = o C + 273 1. 77 o F to o K2.14 o F to o K o C = 5(77 – 32) o C = 5(14 – 32) o C = 5(77 – 32) o C = 5(14 – 32) 9 9 9 9 o C = 25 o C = - 10 o K = 25 + 273 o K = -10 + 273 o K = 298 o K o K = 263 o K

8. F. Kelvin to Fahrenheit Step 1 o C = o K – 273 Step 2 o F = 9 o C + 32 5 1. 358 o K to o F2.198 o K to o F o C = 358 – 273 o C = 198 – 273 o C = 85 o C o C = -75 o C o F = 9(85) + 32 o F = 9(- 75) + 32 5 5 5 5 o F = 153 + 32 o F = -135 + 32 o F = 185 o F o F = - 103 o F