1. Human Geography
2012

2. Push/Pull Factors Push Factors Pull Factors
Factors causing people to leave a location.
War
Poverty
Unemployment
Human Rights Abuse
Overcrowding
Natural Disasters
Factors attracting people to a new location.
Freedom
Jobs
Better Opportunities
Education
Better Standard of Living
Security

3. Unemployment

4. Poverty

5. Human Rights Abuse

6. Natural Disasters

7. Security

8. Education

9. Better Standard of Living

10. Jobs

11. Economic Systems

12. Economics
the way people exchange goods and services.

13. Economic Systems Free Enterprise Socialism Communism
Government owns the things that used to make and transport products and there is no property owned privately .
Examples: Cuba, North Korea, Vietnam
Private businesses are able to compete with each other with little control by the government.
Example: United States
Major industries are owned and controlled by the government than by individual people and companies.
Example: Egypt

14. Free Enterprise People freely produce and buy what they want
Prices are set by the consumers and producers
Prices are set by the interaction of supply and demand
Producers invest their money in order to make a profit
There is little government interference
Inefficient producers are eliminated by going out of business
Examples: United States

15. Free Enterprise

16. Socialist Government owns some basic industries
Private ownership of smaller business is allowed
Government provides low-cost or free public services
( education, healthcare)
Example: Sweden, Venezuela, Egypt

17. Socialist

18. Communist Government sets economic goals to be met
Workers labor together and are supposed to share equally in the fruits of their labor
Private property ownership is abolished
Example: Cuba, North Korea, Vietnam

19. Communist

20. Traditional People meet their basic needs much as their ancestors did.
Economic decisions are made on the basic of customs and beliefs handed down from one generation to another

21. Traditional Subsistence Agriculture Cottage Industries
Farming in which food is produced by a family just for its own needs
Small scale industries based in the home

22. Traditional

23. Economic Activities

24. Primary Activity
The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface. Ex: Farming

25. Primary Activity

26. Secondary Activity
The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials. Ex: Manufacturing

27. Secondary Activity

28. Tertiary Activity
The portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications, and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people, in exchange for payment.
Example: Teachers, Doctors, Cashiers

29. Tertiary Activity

30. Quaternary Activity
The portion of the economy concerned with information, populated with highly-skilled, well-trained individuals. Ex: Computer programmers and Management

31. Quaternary Activity

32. Measuring Economic Development
Per capita income- average amount of money earned by each person within a country.
Gross national product (GNP)- total value of all goods and services produced by a country over a year.

33. Urban Geography
Urbanization- dramatic rise in the number of cities and the changes of lifestyle that follows

34. Migration
Moving from place to place, and when it refers to a seasonal movement repeated yearly.

35. Migration

36. Immigration
A permanent move of one’s main place of residence.

37. Emigration
Is prompted by a variety of factors, as people leave their country in order to flee a war, find education or job opportunities, or join their family in another land.

38. Human Development Index
Indicator of level of development for each country, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy.

39. Human Development Index

40. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
The total value of goods and services created within a country.

41. Gross National Product (GNP)
The total value of goods and services that a country produces in a year.

42. Infant Mortality Rate
The number of infant deaths per 1000.

43. Literacy Rate
Percentage of people who can read and write.

44. Developed Countries
Countries with high levels of industrialization and high standard of living.
Examples: USA, Japan, France

45. Developed Countries

46. Developing Countries
Countries with less productive economic than developed countries and low standards of living.
Examples: Mexico, Brazil, South Africa

47. Developing Countries