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An explanation of Formal Commands in Spanish
¡Hazlo! An explanation of Formal Commands in Spanish
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Commands in English… … are pretty easy. You just use a base verb form (without a subject, since it’s always “you”) to tell people what they should do: Stand up! Sit down! Do your homework! Take out the garbage! Be quiet!
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Commands in Spanish… … are little more complicated because we have so many ways of saying “you”: Tú: informal, singular Vosotros: informal, plural Ud.: formal, singular Uds.: formal, plural However, we will concentrate on the formal commands only.
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Hable despacio, por favor.
-AR verbs Hable despacio, por favor. The speaker is talking to one person. Can you figure out how we got the form “hable”? Take the “yo” form of the present: HABLO Drop the –o: HABL- “Hablar” is an –AR verb, so add –E to form the command: HABLE
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Drop & Swap!
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Repita, por favor. -ER/-IR Verbs The speaker is talking to one person.
Can you figure out how we got the form “repita”? Take the “yo” form of the present: REPITO Drop the –o: REPIT- “Repetir” is an –IR verb, so add –A to form the command: REPITA
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Drop & Swap!
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Opposite vowels Think of the verb adding the “opposite vowel”
AR verbs add an –E. ER & IR verbs add an –A.
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Let’s try a couple! Comer: ¡______ Ud.! Escribir: ¡_____ Ud.!
Tomar: ¡_____ Ud.! Beber: ¡______ Ud.!
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More than one person? Uds…
Coman Uds. la paella. Right! Just add an –N to the command form when you are talking to more than one person.
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Let’s try a few more! Comer: ¡______ Uds.! Escribir: ¡_____ Uds.!
Tomar: ¡_____ Uds.!
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Some irregulars…¿Qué pasa?
Haga la tarea. ~hacer=to do Hacer > yo hago > -o + -a Tenga paciencia. ~tener=to have Tener > yo tengo > -o + -a Salga ahora.~ salir=to leave Salir > yo salgo > - o + -a Vuelva a casa.~volver=to return Volver > yo vuelvo > -o + -a Piense bien.~pensar=to think Pensar > yo pienso > -o + -e These verbs follow the same formula: start with the yo form, drop the –o, and add the opposite vowel.
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En la cocina, use the FORMAL SINGULAR COMMAND FORMS Usted
Cocinar- to cook, Cocine Medir-to measure, Mida Agregar-to add, Agregue Freír-to fry, Fría Hervir-to boil, Hierva Romper-to break, Rompa Hornear-to bake, Hornee Batir- to beat, Bata Combinar-to combine/to blend, Combine Mezclar-to mix, Mezcle Picar-to chop, Pique Cortar-to cut, Corte Cubrir-to cover, Cubra
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Ahora, traduzcan usando los mandatos formales….
1.Blend a cup of milk! = __________________________ 2. Beat two eggs! = __________________________ 3. Boil three cups of water! = __________________________ 4. Cut the chicken! = __________________________ 5. Bake the cake! = __________________________
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