1. Changing World of Authority Control Presentation by Barbara B. Tillett, Ph.D. Chief, Policy and Standards Division Library of Congress July 11, 2009 ExLibris panel, ALA, Chicago

2. Authority Control Virtues Precision in searching Syndetic structure of references to help navigate (the variant forms of name/title/ subject/etc.) – to get from a users term to the controlled term (show pathways when multiple possibilities) Displays to collocate works (resources) Connecting various forms of names used in different contexts Links to related entities

3. Earlier than 1889 LC Rules on cards – Consistency/Collocation Determine if the name has been used before What form of name Establish new ones following a standard Document variant forms of name and relationships to other names Connect the users to the controlled forms of the name

4. 1984 - ALA LITA call for interest groups ACIG RTSD/CCS discussion group (Authority Control Interest Group) Opinion poll (LRTS (June 1985), p. 171-178) Demand for more complete, up-to-date online resource authority files Automatic maintenance when changed at the national level

5. What was/is Authority Control? Process for maintaining consistency Single, unique authorized form of name for each entity Variant forms used as references Sources where variations were found To control the headings used in a library catalog

6. IFLA UBC Authority Principles - Old Each country responsible for authority headings for its own personal and corporate authors National authority records available for everyone to use Same form and structure used worldwide

7. New View of UBC User perspective - to display script/language(s) of ones own country/preference Bibliographic agencies still responsible for control in their own countries (or region/cataloguing rules/etc.) Link forms and identifiers established in national or regional authority files to create a virtual international authority file

8. Different Entities – Same name Winston Churchill

9. Different Names – Same Entity Different forms of names for same entity Barbara Ann Barnett Tillett Barbara Ann Barnett Barbara B. Tillett Babs Barnett Babs Dr. TillettTillett, Barbara B. 600649103226

10. Different Bibliographic Identities Yi Hwang (McCune-Reischauer) I Hwang (Revised romanization) ; Toegye (Pen name) ; Gyeongho (Courtesy name) Hangul Hanja

11. If all forms are possible… Need to explain relationships of various names to end-user to avoid confusion (explain pseudonyms, abbreviations, etc.) Lewis Carroll Dodgson, Charles Lutwidge, 1832-1898

12. What is an Entity? Cataloging Rule and Community Variations Crosswalks and Mappings - Entities are not always 1 to 1 Differences among cataloguing rules Ships Events Meetings of corporate bodies Undifferentiated names Differences among communities Libraries, archives, museums, A&I, publishers, rights management agencies, etc.

13. RDA Elements (e.g., Person) Identifiers Preferred name and variant forms of name Dates associated with a person (birth, death, period of activity) Title (King, Pope, etc.) Other designations (Saint, Spirit, etc.) Gender Places associated with a person (birth, death, country associated with the person, places of residence) Affiliations Language of the person Field of activity, Profession or occupation

14. Same Entity/Variant Scripts Japanese japanisch

15. Switching for Displays Library default User-selected preferences Client set-up, cookies, profile, or future method Language Script Culture (country)/spelling Labor vs. Labour

16. Local System - User View Users profile specifies Cyrillic/Russian preferred. Чайковский, Петр Ильич

17. Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)

18. VIAF Project BNF/DNB/LC/OCLC (2005) LCNAF Names 7,092,554 BNF Names 3,664,124 DNB Names 3,025,933 Matching algorithms

19. Enhancing the Authorities Enhanced Authority Bibliographic Record Authority Record Derived Authority

20. viaf.org

21. Mark Twain

24. Current Status - VIAF Personal name files from 12 libraries (15 files) loaded, plus test records from several other applicants Over10.4 million names 8.5 million clusters Identifiers assigned: http://viaf.org/viaf/77390479 Preliminary work done on geographic names Unicode throughout UNIMARC and MARC-21 supported

25. VIAF (Beta) Library of Congress Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Bibliothèque nationale de France OCLC National Library of Sweden National Library of the Czech Republic National Library of Israel Bibliotheca Alexandrina (Egypt) Vatican Library National Library of Portugal National Library of Spain National Library of Australia ICCU (Italy)

26. LCSH SKOS (id.loc.gov) To encourage Web applications Provide elements and rules for how to string together to help machine creation/validation and help humans Future: Social cataloging to continue to build the LCSH vocabulary Easy ways to submit proposed pre-coordinated strings Easier ways to submit proposals for new and changed terms

30. End-user Ontologies Web search engines Digital world Semantic Web Building Blocks Linked Data

31. Where are we headed? Global sharing Reduce costs Service to users Script/language Clusters of data Various names/ synonyms and identifiers: default or user chooses preferred form New links