1. Advective Flows

2. Watershed & Water Quality Modeling Technical Support Center Surface Water Flow Options 1.Specified river, tributary flows (net flow) 2.Specified lake, estuary flows (separate flows) 3.Calculated flows using internal kinematic wave equations 4.Calculated flows from external hydrodynamic model

3. Watershed & Water Quality Modeling Technical Support Center Surface Water Flow Options – WASP Screen

4. Watershed & Water Quality Modeling Technical Support Center Transport Flow Fields Type 1 - Water Column flow carries both dissolved and particulate materialType 1 - Water Column flow carries both dissolved and particulate material Type 2 - Pore Water flow carries dissolved material onlyType 2 - Pore Water flow carries dissolved material only Type 3,4,5 – Solids “i” settling/resuspension carries particulate fraction onlyType 3,4,5 – Solids “i” settling/resuspension carries particulate fraction only Type 6 – Water evaporation/precipitation adjusts water volume onlyType 6 – Water evaporation/precipitation adjusts water volume only

5. Watershed & Water Quality Modeling Technical Support Center Transport Fields – WASP Screen

6. Watershed & Water Quality Modeling Technical Support Center WASP Transport Scheme Each Flow Field can have multiple flow patterns and time functions.Each Flow Field can have multiple flow patterns and time functions. WASP sums the individual flows for each segment to determine overall transportWASP sums the individual flows for each segment to determine overall transport

7. Watershed & Water Quality Modeling Technical Support Center Flow Patterns – WASP Screen

8. Watershed & Water Quality Modeling Technical Support Center Flow Time Functions – WASP Screen

9. Watershed & Water Quality Modeling Technical Support Center Surface Flow Options + = 1. Net Flow Option 10 cms5 cms WASP sums and uses net flow 2. Gross Flow Option + = 5 cms WASP uses each flow separately 5 cms 10 cms

10. Watershed & Water Quality Modeling Technical Support Center Surface Flow Options WASP internally calculates flows, volumes, depths, widths 3. Kinematic Wave

11. Watershed & Water Quality Modeling Technical Support Center Surface Flow Options 4. Hydrodynamic Linkage Hydro Hydrodynamic Interface WASP

12. Examples of Specifying Flows

13. Watershed & Water Quality Modeling Technical Support Center Flow through Simple Pond 010 Flow Time Function Time, days Flow Path Continuity Function

14. Watershed & Water Quality Modeling Technical Support Center Upstream Flow Through River 123456 00 Flow Time Function Time, days Flow Path Continuity Function

15. Watershed & Water Quality Modeling Technical Support Center Flow through River with Tributary 123456 0 0 7 Flow Path Continuity Functions Flow Time Function Time, days

16. Watershed & Water Quality Modeling Technical Support Center Branched Flow through River 17632 4 5 00 Flow Path Continuity Function Flow Time Function Time, days

17. Watershed & Water Quality Modeling Technical Support Center Kinematic Wave Option Applicable to 1-dimensional, branching streams, riversApplicable to 1-dimensional, branching streams, rivers Calculates flow wave propagation and resulting variable flows, volumes, depths, and velocities throughout the networkCalculates flow wave propagation and resulting variable flows, volumes, depths, and velocities throughout the network Default rectangular channel shape unless user specifies hydraulic coefficientsDefault rectangular channel shape unless user specifies hydraulic coefficients

18. Watershed & Water Quality Modeling Technical Support Center Kinematic Wave Equations Continuity equation (mass balance): Momentum equation (momentum balance): gravityfriction

19. Watershed & Water Quality Modeling Technical Support Center Kinematic Wave Equations Substitute in Manning’s equation: Kinematic wave differential equation:

20. Watershed & Water Quality Modeling Technical Support Center Kinematic Wave Input Data Time-variable upstream and tributary inflows (m 3 /sec)Time-variable upstream and tributary inflows (m 3 /sec) Continuity flow paths for main stem and each tributary (IQ, JQ, BQ)Continuity flow paths for main stem and each tributary (IQ, JQ, BQ) Channel properties:Channel properties: –length (m), width (m), initial depth (m) –hydraulic exponents set to 0 –bottom slope (m/m) –Manning’s roughness coefficient

21. Watershed & Water Quality Modeling Technical Support Center Kinematic Wave Dynamic Response Profiles Chapra Kinematic Wave, Example 14.6 Channel Width, "B", m Channel Bottom Slope, "S", m/m Manning's Roughness Coefficient, "n" 150.0040.07 Boundary Pulse Flow Period, day Boundary Pulse Flow Range, m3/sec Duration of Boundary Pulse, day 0.52.50.25 Spatial Step, dx, m Time Step, dt, day 10000.007

22. Watershed & Water Quality Modeling Technical Support Center Kinematic Wave Response to Stepwise Flows Small Stream, Gentle Slope SegmentLengthsmChannelWidthmChannel Bottom Bottom Slope Slopem/mManning'sRoughnessCoefficient 100020.00010.04

23. Watershed & Water Quality Modeling Technical Support Center River Brandywine Flows – Annuminas Flow PatternFlow Pattern Average Flow, m3/secAverage Flow, m3/sec

24. Watershed & Water Quality Modeling Technical Support Center River Brandywine Flows – Hobbiton Flow PatternFlow Pattern Average Flow, m3/secAverage Flow, m3/sec