1. Anatomy and Physiology for Emergency Care
Chapter 11
The Endocrine System

2. Objectives
Compare the similarities between the endocrine and nervous systems
Compare the major chemical classes of hormones
Explain the general mechanisms of hormonal action
Describe how endocrine organs are controlled

3. Objectives
Discuss the location, hormones, and functions of the following glands and tissues: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, thymus, adrenals, kidneys, heart, pancreas, testes, ovaries, and pineal gland
Explain how hormones interact to produce coordinated physiological responses

4. Objectives
Identify the hormones that are especially important to normal growth, and discuss their roles
Explain how the endocrine system responds to stress
Discuss the results of abnormal hormone production
Discuss the functional relationships between the endocrine system and other body systems

5. An Overview of the Endocrine System

6. An Overview of the Endocrine System
Structure of Hormones
Hormones and the Cell Membrane
Hormones and Intracellular Receptors

7. An Overview of the Endocrine System
Control of Endocrine Activity
Direct Negative Feedback Control
Hypothalamus and Endocrine Regulation

8. The Pituitary Gland Anterior Pituitary Gland Hypophyseal Portal System
Hypothalamic Control of the Anterior Pituitary
Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary
TSH
ACTH
FSH LH
PRL GH
MSH

9. Anatomy and Orientation of the Pituitary Gland

10. Hypophyseal Portal System

11. Feedback and Control of Endocrine Secretions

12. The Pituitary Gland
The Posterior Pituitary Gland
ADH
Oxytocin

13. Pituitary Hormones and their Targets

14. The Thyroid Gland Thyroid Follicles and Thyroid Hormones
The C Cells of the Thyroid Gland: Calcitonin

15. Homeostatic Regulation of Calcium Ion Concentrations

16. The Parathyroid Glands
PTH

17. The Thymus Relatively enormous in newborns
Reaches maximum size just before puberty
Thymosins
Key role in development and maintenance of normal immunological defenses

18. The Adrenal Glands The Adrenal Cortex The Adrenal Medulla
Corticosteroids
Mineralcorticoids
Androgens
The Adrenal Medulla

19. The Kidneys
Calcitriol
Erythropoietin
Renin

20. The Heart Cardiac muscle cells in right atrium
Atrial natriuetic peptide (ANP)

21. Endocrine Tissues of the Digestive System
The Pancreas
Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentrations

22. Regulation of Blood Glucose Concentrations

23. Endocrine Tissues of the Reproductive System
The Testes
Interstitial cells
Androgens
Testosterone
Sustentacular cells
The Ovaries
Follicles
Estrogens
Corpus luteum
Progesterone

24. The Pineal Gland Melatonin Slows the timing of sexual maturity
Acts as an antioxidant
Establishes day-night cycles of activity

25. Patterns of Hormonal Interaction
Hormones and Growth
Growth hormones
Thyroid hormones
Insulin
Parathyroid hormone
Gonadal hormones
Hormones and Behavior
Hormones and Aging

26. General Adaptation Syndrome

27. Integration with other Systems

28. Summary

29. Emergency Care Applications
Chapter 11

30. Overview of the Many Facets of Endocrine Systems Disorders

31. Diabetes Mellitus Type I Diabetes Mellitus Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Emergency Complications of Diabetes
Hypoglycemia (Insulin Shock)
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (Diabetic Coma)
Nonketotic Hyperosmolar Coma

32. Intravenous Glucose Administration

33. Disorders of the Thyroid Gland
Grave’s Disease
Thyrotoxic Crisis (Thyroid Storm)
Hypothyroidism and Myxedema

34. Disorders of the Thyroid Gland

35. Disorders of the Adrenal Glands
Hyperadrenalism (Cushing’s Syndrome)
Adrenal Insufficiency (Addison’s Disease)

36. Summary