1. Anatomy and Physiology for Emergency Care
Chapter Twelve
Blood

2. Objectives
Describe the important components and major functions of blood
Discuss the composition and functions of plasma
Describe the origin and production of the formed elements in blood
Discuss the characteristics and functions of red blood cells

3. Objectives
Explain the factors that determine a person’s blood type and why blood types are important
Categorize the various white blood cells on the basis of their structures and functions
Describe the mechanisms that reduce blood loss after an injury

4. The Functions of Blood
Transportation of dissolved gasses, nutrients, hormones, and metabolic waste
The regulation of pH and electrolyte composition of interstitial fluids throughout the body
The restriction of fluid losses through damaged vessels or at other injury sites
Defense against toxins and pathogens
The stabilization of body temperature

5. The Composition of Blood
Blood Collection Analysis

6. Plasma Differences between Plasma and Interstitial Fluid
Plasma Proteins

7. Formed Elements
Production of Formed Elements

8. Sickling of Red Blood Cells

9. Formed Elements Red Blood Cells Structure of RBC’s
Hemoglobin Structure and Function
RBC Life Span and Circulation
Hemoglobin Conservation and Recycling
Red Blood Cell Formation
Stages of RBC Maturation
The Regulation of Erythropoiesis

10. Formed Elements Red Blood Cells Blood Types
Antibodies and Cross-Reactions

11. Formed Elements White Blood Cells WBC Circulation and Movement
General Functions
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
T cells
B cells
Natural killer (NK)
Differential count and Changes in WBC Profiles
White Blood Cell Formation

12. White Blood Cells

13. Origins and Differentiation of Blood Cells

14. Formed Elements
Platelets

15. Hemostasis The Clotting Phase
Extrinsic, Intrinsic, and Common Pathways

16. Hemostasis
Clot Retraction and Removal

17. Summary

18. Emergency Care Applications
Chapter 12

19. Blood Banking and Transfusion
Red Blood Cells
Plasma
Platelets
White Blood Cells
Plasma Derivatives

20. Blood Transfusion Reactions

21. Thrombolytic Therapy: The Era of Reperfusion
Acute Coronary Syndrome
Acute Ischemic Stroke
Pulmonary Embolus
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Peripheral Arterial Occlusion

22. Summary