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Anatomy and Physiology for Emergency Care
Chapter 8 Neural Tissue and the Central Nervous System
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The Nervous System Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System
Afferent division Efferent division Somatic Nervous system Autonomic Nervous System
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Functional Overview of the Nervous System
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Anatomy of a Multipolar Neuron
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Cellular Organization in Neural Tissue
Neurons Functional Classification of Neurons Sensory Neurons Motor Neurons Interneurons General Structure of Neurons Structural Classification of Neurons Neuroglia Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes Microglia Ependymal cells Schwann cells
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Structural Classification of Neurons
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Neuroglia in the CNS
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Schwann Cells and Peripheral Axons
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Neurophysiology The Membrane Potential
Factors Responsible for the Membrane Potential Changes in the Membrane Potential Graded Potentials Action Potential The Generation of an Action Potential Conduction of an Action Potential Demyelination
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The Cell Membrane at the Resting Potential
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An Action Potential
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Conduction of Action Potentials over Unmyelinated and Myelinated
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Synaptic Communication
Structure of a Synapse Presynaptic neurons Postsynaptic neurons Synaptic cleft
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Synaptic Events and Neurotransmitters
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Acetylcholine (Ach) Norepinephrine Dopamine GABA Serotonin
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Neuronal Pools Divergence Convergence Parallel Processing
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Introduction to Reflexes
The Reflex Arc
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Anatomical Organization of the Nervous System
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Anatomy of the Nervous System
The Meninges Dura mater Arachnoid Pia mater Blood Brain Barrier
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The Spinal Cord Gross Anatomy Sectional Anatomy
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Sectional Anatomy of the Spinal Cord
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The Brain Major Divisions of the Brain Ventricles of the Brain
Cerebrospinal Fluid The Cerebrum Structure of the Cerebral Hemispheres Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex Association Areas Cortical Connections Cerebral Processing Centers General interpretive Area Speech Center Prefrontal Cortex Memory Hemispheric Specialization Electroencephalogram
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The Brain
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The Brain Ventricles of the Brain
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The Brain Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
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The Brain Cerebral Hemisphere
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The Brain Hemispheric Specialization
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The Brain Cerebral nuclei Caudate nucleus Amygdaloid body
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The Brain Limbic System
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The Brain The Diencephalon The Midbrain The Pons The Cerebellum
Thalamus Hypothalamus The Midbrain The Pons The Cerebellum The Medulla Oblongata
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Aging and the Nervous System
Reduction in brain size and weight Reduction in the number of neurons Decrease in blood flow to the brain Changes in synaptic organization of the brain Intracellular and extracellular changes in the CNS neurons
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Summary
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Emergency Care Applications
Chapter 8
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Medical Disorders of the Nervous System
Cerebrovascular Accident (Brain Attack) Transient Ischemic Attacks Seizure Disorders
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Nervous System Infections
Meningitis Viral Meningitis Unusual Forms of Meningitis Parasitic Brain Infections Brain Abscess Encephalitis Prion Disease
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Headache Migraine Headache Cluster Headache Tension Headache
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Neurological Trauma Spinal Cord Syndromes Blunt Trauma
Diffuse Injuries Focal Injuries Penetrating Trauma Spinal Cord Injuries Cord concussion Cord contusion Cord compression Cord laceration Complete transection Incomplete transection Cord hemorrhage Spinal Cord Syndromes Anterior cord syndrome Central-cord syndrome Brown-Sequard syndrome Spinal shock
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Neurological Trauma
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Focal Injuries
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Penetrating Trauma
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Spinal Cord Injuries
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Summary
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