1. An LSCC Learning Center Self Paced Tutorial
PARTS OF SPEECH:
Prepositions
Interjections And
conjunctions
An LSCC Learning Center
Self Paced Tutorial

2. What are the Parts of Speech?
This is the common term for the various categories of words that make up the English language.
They are:
Nouns Verbs
Pronouns Adverbs
Adjectives Articles
Prepositions Conjunctions
Interjections
The good news is – this is the entire list!
The bad news is - many of these categories
have multiple subgroups.
Today we will discuss prepositions, interjections and conjunctions.
Let’s do the easiest one first – interjections.

3. INTERJECTIONS
An interjection is word or phrase that does not add to the general grammar of a sentence, but indicates strong feelings. It is usually punctuated by an exclamation mark.
Examples: Ouch! Wow! Yikes! Bleep!
Think of stubbing your toe, falling
down, seeing something scary –
What would you say?
Superman was walking along when, pow!
He was attacked from behind.

4. PREPOSITIONS
Definition: word used before noun: a member of a set of words used in close connection with, and usually before, nouns and pronouns to show their relation to another part of a clause. (Encarta)
What? Just remember this:
pre (comes before a noun or pronoun)
position (describes the location of the noun/pronoun in time, space, or logical construction

5. PREPOSITIONS The Positions of the Prepositions:
Like a course in physics, some of them take us through space and time.
Location fixed in physical space: over, under, in, on, by, The cat is in the tree.
Location moving through space. to, through, across
A river runs through the property.
Location fixed in time: in, on, at, before
The train arrives every hour on the hour.

6. PREPOSITIONS The Positions of the Prepositions: Agency: by, with
Some of them point logically to show us how things are done.
Agency: by, with
The book was written by Twain.
Combination: with
I like my fava beans with a nice Chianti.
Reason: for
He was prepared to fight for his freedom.

7. PREPOSITIONS More Positions of the Prepositions:
More that show us how things are done.
Quantity: by, of
Gasoline is sold by the gallon.
Comparison: like
A bedlington terrier looks like a baby lamb.
Role: as
As a sportscaster, she gets to attend the Super Bowl every year.

8. PREPOSITIONS
Because prepositions must refer to a noun, it is technically improper to end a sentence with one.
NO: He is the person I am speaking to.
YES: He is the person to whom I am speaking.
Even leaders often violate this rule:
As Winston Churchill said, “This is the sort of English up with which I cannot put.” 

9. PREPOSITIONS – in common use
Along
Around As At
Before
Behind
Below
Beside
Between By
Down
For
From
Except In
Near Of
Off On
Over
Since
Through
Till To
Toward
Under Up
With

10. PREPOSITIONS - COMPOUND
A compound preposition is two or more words that form one meaning and act as one preposition.
According to
As of
As well as
Aside from
Because of
By means of
In addition to
In front of
In place of
In regard to
In respect to
In spite of
Instead of
On account of
Out of
Prior to

11. CONJUNCTIONS
A conjunction connects words or groups of words together logically.
There are four basic kinds of conjunctions:
Coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS)
Correlative conjunctions
Subordinating conjunctions
Conjunctive adverbs

12. CONJUNCTIONS
A coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) connects
single words or groups of words with the same logical structure, such as all nouns:
Peanut butter, pickles, ham, and jelly
two independent clauses (sentences)
Seattle is a wonderful city, but
it can be very rainy.
Use a comma before the conjunction when
joining two sentences or lists of three or more
items. F A N B O Y S

13. CONJUNCTIONS FANBOYS rule! F A N B O Y S o n o u r e o r d r t t
There are only seven coordinating conjunctions. You can remember them using the mnemonic:
F A N B O Y S
o n o u r e o
r d r t t

14. CONJUNCTIONS Shares: Divides:
A correlative conjunction relates or joins two or more parallel words, and tells us if they share or divide the action of the verb.
Shares:
Not only…but also
both…and
Divides:
Either...or
Neither…nor
Both Jen and Andrew attend LSCC. plural
Either Jen or Andrew attends LSCC. singular

15. CONJUNCTIONS A subordinating conjunction:
Places one clause below the other
in terms of logic and meaning, making it
dependent on the other clause for complete meaning.
Sub = below Ordinal = priority or level
Introduces a subordinate clause:
Because it was raining, we went home.
We went home because it was raining.
Note – use a comma if the subordinate clause begins the sentence, but not if it is in the middle.

16. CONJUNCTIONS A subordinating conjunction
Sets up a conditional idea:
Because it was raining What happened then??
Although we were tired What did you do??
“Kills” an independent clause (sentence):
It was raining. (complete idea = sentence)
Because it was raining (incomplete = what happened?)

17. CONJUNCTIONS Some common subordinating conjunctions: After AlthoughAs
As soon as
Be careful because some of these words can also be prepositions. You need a subject +verb combination to create a clause.
After the game = prepositional phrase (no sub + verb)
After I left the party = subordinate clause
Before While
Because When
Since Whenever
Until

18. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
Conjunctive adverbs join two sentences and show a relationship between their meanings. They need a semicolon before and a comma after.
A poorly maintained car can be dangerous; therefore, we should pay attention to the manufacturer’s maintenance guidelines.
I was setting up for the surprise party; meanwhile, Maria kept the guest of honor away from the room.

19. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS Commonly used conjunctive adverbs include:
Instead Thus
Later Whereas
Moreover
Nevertheless
Otherwise
Still
Therefore
Accordingly
Also
Besides
Consequently
Finally
Furthermore
However
Indeed

20. PREPOSITIONS, CONJUNCTIONS, and INTERJECTIONS
If you want more information about this topic:
Meet with your instructor
Visit the Learning Center or its web pages
Go online to the Purdue OWL