1. Definitions and Modalities for including afforestation and reforestation project activities under Article 12 in the first CP Modalities for addressing non-permanence Claudio Forner secretariat

2. Contents Introduction General requirements Proposals and options for modalities Tables for discussions

3. Introduction Non-permanence is related to the temporary nature and reversibility of sinks. Carbon contained in terrestrial ecosystems is vulnerable to anthropogenic and natural disturbances. These disturbances can cause either partial or total loss of the carbon stock, thus reversing any environmental benefit resulting from carbon sequestration.

4. General requirements Viability: demonstration of technical, financial and legal liability Liability (Definition, entities, timeframe and nature) Risk assessment and management Lifetime of projects Accounting for changes in carbon stocks

5. Total stock approachAverage stock approach approachDelayed approach Tons Time Certification and issuance Certification (and issuance)

6. Proposals and options for modalities Insurance (notification, flagging of CERs and replacement) Credit reserves Buffers Temporary CERs Temporary net credits

7. Issues related to tCERs Nature of a TCER (establishment of the period of validity) –Arbitrary (e.g. 5 years) –Crediting period –Period of sequestration –The end of the first CP Expiry of a tCER (replacement) Re-issuance of a tCER

8. Tables for discussions The tables will summarise: –Feasibility and technical and legal issues that need to be considered –Text to be drafted or amended –Further work Draft tables have been prepared for each of the identified proposals including options where available.