1. Actions speak louder than words: Awareness is never enough

2. Welcome Overview of market failure Prove that awareness doesn't lead to action Practical reality of this Creating action

3. Types of market failure Common property Public goods Externalities (positive and negative) Imperfect and asymmetric information Increasing returns Market power …Complex issues often require complex solutions.

4. Tragedy of the Commons Each man is locked into a system that compels him to increase his herd without limit - in a world that is limited. Ruin is the destination toward which all men rush, each pursuing his own best interest in a society that believes in the freedom of the commons. Freedom in a commons brings ruin to all. Hardin

5. Tragedy of the Commons 2.0 Each man is locked into a system that compels him to increase his herd without limit - in a world that is limited. Ruin is the destination toward which all men rush, each pursuing his own best interest in a society that believes in the freedom of the commons. Freedom in a commons brings ruin to all. Hardin 1968 Each country is locked into a system that compels them to increase their GDP without limit - in a world that is limited. Ruin is the destination toward which countries rush, each pursuing their own best interest in a society that believes in the freedom of the commons. Freedom in a commons brings ruin to all. Holden 2010

6. Types of market failure Common property Public goods Externalities (positive and negative) Imperfect and asymmetric information Increasing returns Market power …Complex issues often require complex solutions.

7. Have you ever..?

8. The reality of market failure Perception is reality – what do businesses think? How market failure impacts on the different stages of the business relationship How the ENWORKS model overcomes some of these Question and answer discussion

9. General population (100%) No action taken (67%) Action taken (33%) Plan to take action (20%) 26% heard of term Resource Efficiency 82% think its a good idea 54% havent changed how they use resources in the recession 71% havent sought advice 6% couldnt find what they wanted 51% believe no barriers to RE Cost perception 33% couldnt see any benefit from improving their resource efficiency 14% plan to take action Lack focus 85% saw a business benefit 64 - 75% investment hasnt resulted in cost reductions 37% have increased recycling 33% plan to continue with resource efficiency Lack focus 23% / 46% say resource efficiency is part of their business plan Lack focus Low investment Perception of low return

10. General population (100%) No action taken (67%) Action taken (33%) Plan to take action (20%) 26% heard of term Resource Efficiency 82% think its a good idea 54% havent changed how they use resources in the recession 71% havent sought advice 6% couldnt find what they wanted 51% believe no barriers to RE Cost perception 33% couldnt see any benefit from improving their resource efficiency 14% plan to take action Lack focus 85% saw a business benefit 64 - 75% investment hasnt resulted in cost reductions 37% have increased recycling 33% plan to continue with resource efficiency Lack focus 23% / 46% say resource efficiency is part of their business plan Lack focus Low investment Perception of low return

12. General population (100%) No action taken (67%) Action taken (33%) Plan to take action (20%) 26% heard of term Resource Efficiency 82% think its a good idea 54% havent changed how they use resources in the recession 71% havent sought advice 6% couldnt find what they wanted 51% believe no barriers to RE Cost perception 33% couldnt see any benefit from improving their resource efficiency 14% plan to take action Lack focus 85% saw a business benefit 64 - 75% investment hasnt resulted in cost reductions 37% have increased recycling 33% plan to continue with resource efficiency Lack focus 23% / 46% say resource efficiency is part of their business plan Lack focus Low investment Perception of low return

14. General population (100%) No action taken (67%) Action taken (33%) Plan to take action (20%) 26% heard of term Resource Efficiency 82% think its a good idea 54% havent changed how they use resources in the recession 71% havent sought advice 6% couldnt find what they wanted 51% believe no barriers to RE Cost perception 33% couldnt see any benefit from improving their resource efficiency 14% plan to take action Lack focus 85% saw a business benefit 64 - 75% investment hasnt resulted in cost reductions 37% have increased recycling 33% plan to continue with resource efficiency Lack focus 23% / 46% say resource efficiency is part of their business plan Lack focus Low investment Perception of low return

15. Perceptions Not relevant Threat not opportunity Resource efficiency = utility management Need to invest in equipment to save energy Investment will not reduce costs Time consuming

16. Achieved savings

17. General population (100%) No action taken (67%) Action taken (33%) Plan to take action (20%) 26% heard of term Resource Efficiency 82% think its a good idea 54% havent changed how they use resources in the recession 71% havent sought advice 6% couldnt find what they wanted 51% believe no barriers to RE Cost perception 33% couldnt see any benefit from improving their resource efficiency 14% plan to take action Lack focus 85% saw a business benefit 64 - 75% investment hasnt resulted in cost reductions 37% have increased recycling 33% plan to continue with resource efficiency Lack focus 23% / 46% say resource efficiency is part of their business plan Lack focus Low investment Perception of low return