1. Welcome to IST 210: Organization of Data

2. Teaching Team Zihan Zhou TA: Jian-Syuan Wong
Office hour: 3-4pm Monday or by appointment
Office: 320 IST Building
TA: Jian-Syuan Wong
Office hour: 3:45-4:45pm Thursday
Location: 321D IST Building
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3. Course Website Log into your ANGEL
You will see all course information on wikispace
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4. Why Should You Take This Course?
It is required!
Pre-requisite for other advanced courses
Why did IST make this course required?
Importance in organizing data, information, and knowledge
Database
User Interface
Information Privacy
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5. Organization of the data is important
Have you ever thought about how the data is organized behind these systems?
Class schedule system:
Online shopping system:
Huge amount of data need to be well organized: we need a database to efficiently and accurately modify and query the data
UPS Technology
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6. Organization of the data is important
Web 2.0
Web 1.0 vs. Web 2.0
How to deliver Web-2.0 services?
The central piece -- database
Manage complicated data
Youtube.com: video clips, users, comments, tags, …
Facebook.com: profiles, photos, music, comments, …
User interface
Web service: search and data retrieval
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7. Using Data for Competitive Advantage
Success of companies relies on
Data: Wall Street companies
Flow of data: FedEx and UPS
Capabilities to extract information from data
“What Wal-Mart Knows About Customers' Habits”
"And the pre-hurricane top-selling item was _______.“ -- Linda M. Dillman, Wal-Mart's chief information officer
beer
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8. What is This Course About?
Database
An effective and efficient way to organize data
Key issues that will be covered in this course
How to design a database?
Relational Database, E-R Diagram
How to query a database?
SQL
How to build a website connecting with database?
HTML, PHP, web server…
Examples of course projects in previous classes
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9. How Will This Course Be Taught?
Classes
11:15 AM – 12:05 AM Monday, Wednesday and Friday in IST Room 110
Lecture, discussion, in-class exercise, projects
Lab
2:30 PM – 3:45 PM Wednesday in IST Room 202
Programming, projects
Semester-long project
Group project on an idea developed by your group.
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10. Readings for Lectures
Textbook: Database Concepts by Kroenke & Auer/ Pearson/ , 6th edition
Additional readings will be provided – always check the latest schedule on course website!
Previous editions: content should be similar, assignments might be different
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11. In Classes
Attendance
Attendance is required for every class!
Attendance check: 5% in final grading
Quiz in class (for attendance check only)
If you are not able to attend class with reasonable excuse, instructor or TA should be notified before class
Class rule: Computers will be taken control during lecture time
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12. After Classes Study groups strongly encouraged
Discuss general approaches, not the way to solve the problems
Assignments and exams should be finished independently
Project will be carried as a team (4 persons)
Keep track of up-to-date IT news and events
See how they can be related to this course
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13. Labs Led by TA Individual programming exercises Team project
Programming, projects
Individual programming exercises
Only 5% in final grading
Team project
A website connecting with database
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14. Project
A web-based database system to demonstrate what you have learnt
Data organization to facilitate
Information access
Information organization and management
Innovation is strong encouraged!
Group will be assigned based on your technical backgrounds
Finish the survey on ANGEL before next class!
Group size: 4 students
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15. Project (cont.) Five stage progress reports One final report
Each has a very specific problem related to the project
One final report
Put all progress reports together
Make changes based on suggestions from TA and me
Include the final result of your design
Screen shots of your service
URL pointing to your database
Final in-class presentation
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16. Project (cont.) Database design
Coding is an integral part of the class
PHP: HyperText Preprocessor
HTML: HyperText Markup Language
Templates and examples will be provided
No coding experience
Work hard
Start early
Don’t panic, we will help you
come to office hour and come to the lab!
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17. Coding in Fun
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18. Grading Homework: 15% Exams: 40% = 15% (Midterm) + 25% (Final)
Project: 35%
Lab: 5%
Class attendance: 5%
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19. Grading: Homework Total five homework assignments: 3%*5 = 15%
Due: one week after an assignment is given
Must submit online through ANGEL before deadline
Cut-off time on ANGEL: midnight
Strict late submission penalty
After the deadline but less than 24 hours: penalized 10%
More than 24 hours but less than 48 hours late: penalized 30%
No submissions are accepted more than 48 hours late
Independent work!
Do not exchange your answers with your classmates!
Do not search for solutions online!
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20. Grading: Exam Midterm (15%): Chapter 1-3
Final Exam (25%): Everything we covered in class, with more focus on Chapter 4-5
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21. Grading: Project Group grade 3% for each progress report (total 15%)
10% for the final report
10% for the final presentation
Individual adjustment
For each report: 30% is related to individual contribution and involvement.
Done your part of work: 15%
Participation: 15%
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22. Some Challenges You Will Face …
Programming
HTML, PHP, SQL
Do not worry about grading if zero experience
5% lab
Programming in projects are done as a team
No programming in assignments, midterm exam and final
Individual homework assignments
Some are time-consuming
Make good use of the office hours
Team project
This project is not something you can finish within 3 days, not even 3 weeks!
Team work is the key.
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23. Policy Academic Integrity University policy
Individual assignments must be completed independently. Students are strongly encouraged to form study groups and to learn from peer students. However, discussion on homework questions in study group should be limited to general approaches to solutions. Specific answers should never be discussed. Penn State's policy regarding Academic Integrity must be followed.
University policy
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24. Question?
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25. Chapter 1. Introduction to Database
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26. Purpose of a Database
The purpose of a database is to keep track of things
Unlike a list or spreadsheet, a database may store information that is more complicated than a simple list
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27. Mini Case You are designing our course selection system
What aspects you need to store a record?
Student ID, Student Name, Student's Department,
CourseID, Instructor, CourseName , Location
What questions (i.e. queries) will users ask?
Student: What class I have registered for this semester?
Instructor: How many students are registered and what are their backgrounds?
What tool would you use to manage the data?
Excel?
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28. An Example List
Can you see any potential problem when using this list?
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29. Problems with Lists: Redundancy
In a list, each row is intended to stand on its own. As a result, the same information may be entered several times
If there are 40 students taking IST210, class information like “CourseID” will be entered 40 times.
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30. Problems with Lists: Multiple Themes
In a list, each row may contain information on more than one theme. As a result, needed information may appear in the lists only if information on other themes is also present
Student info
Course info
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31. List Modification Issues
Redundancy and multiple themes create modification problems
Deletion problems
Update problems
Insertion problems
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32. List Modification Issues: Delete
Delete: Kate drops 230
Problem: Information about Kate AND IST 230 will be lost
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33. List Modification Issues: Update
Update: IST210 Location Changed
Problem: Need to update multiple rows
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34. List Modification Issues: Insert
Insert: A new course with no student registered yet
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35. List Modification Issues: Insert
Insert: A new course with no student registered yet
Problem: blank cells for student information
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36. A Long List to Several Small Lists
Two themes: Student, Course
INFORMATION LOSS! Registration information is not in Student and Course tables
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37. A Long List to Several Small Lists
Two themes: Student, Course
PROBLEMS!
One cell does NOT allow multiple values. (IMPORTANT! This rule is strictly enforced in database.)
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38. A Long List to Several Small Lists
Three themes: two entities and one relationship
Course Entity
Student Entity
Student-Course Relationship
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39. A Long List to Several Small Lists
Student
Revisit previous issues:
Insert: A new student not taking any class
Update: IST210 location changed
Delete: Kate drops 230
Course
Key points in splitting:
1. A table must be connected with other table(s) through shared column(s)
Student  (StudentID)  Registration
Course  (CourseID)  Registration
2. One cell can only have one value
Registration
Use above criteria to check whether you split the tables correctly!
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40. Exercise What are the problems with this table.
Split it into multiple tables.
Check whether you split the table correctly.
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41. Next Class on Wednesday
Introduction to data and database (cont.)
HTML basics
Lab exercise after class: IST webspace and a simple personal webpage
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42. Remember
Complete Programming Skill Survey on ANGEL!
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