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Published byCarly Mars Modified over 10 years ago
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Land And Water Use Part 4
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URBAN LAND DEVELOPMENT
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Urban Development Planned Development – 76 million residential buildings and 5 million commercial buildings in the US – Use 1/3 of all energy and 2/3 of all electricity consumed in US
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Urban Development The Green Approach
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Urbanization Pros Cons
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TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE
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Federal Highway System 160,000 miles of roadway Federal highways receive substantial federal funding but state owned, built, operated Federal highway tax – 18¢ gas tax – 25¢ diesel tax – Tax on heavy vehicles
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Federal Highway System Benefits Impacts on Environment
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PUBLIC AND FEDERAL LANDS
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National Parks 1,100 national parks in world – Largely unprotected due to cost 84 million acres in US – Alaska = 16% of entire system
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Threats to National Parks
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Reducing the Threat
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Relevant Laws National Park Service Act 1916 – Establishes national park service Wild and Scenic Rivers Act 1968 – Ensures protection of river’s unique environment – Preserves select rivers – 4 rivers in NC
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Wildlife Refuges Developed to protect wildlife during times of crisis Managed by US Fish and Wildlife Service
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Wetlands High plant productivity High biodiversity 50% of US wetlands have been altered or destroyed – Urbanization – 10% – Agriculture – 90% 1/3 of all endangered species spend part of lifecycle in wetlands
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Wetlands Types of wetlands – Fen: – Bog: – Marsh: – Swamp:
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Wetlands Wetland Services
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LAND CONSERVATION
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Conservation Options Preservation Remediation Mitigation Restoration
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Principles in Land Conservation Protect biodiversity, habitats, and function through monitoring Adopt a user pay approach Require responsibility of any user who damages or alters public lands
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Principles in Land Conservation Reduce road building Rely on more sustainable tree-cutting methods Reduce fragmentation
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