1. Learning Styles Workshop Meg Sargent sargentm1@southernct.edu Adam Goldberg goldberga2@southernct.edu

2. Learning Styles “Specified patterns of behavior and/or performance according to which the individual approaches a learning experience; a way in which the individual takes in new information and develops new skills; the process by which an individual retains new information or skills” (Sarasin, L.C, 2006)

3. The manner in which individuals choose, or are inclined to approach, a learning situation (Cassidy, 2004). The way an individual perceives, organizes, processes, and remembers information (Beebe, Mottet, Roach, 2004).

4. How do we Learn?  By Seeing (visual)  By Hearing (auditory)  By touching (tactile)

5. Why is an Understanding of Learning Styles Important? Diverse learning communities Determine what’s best for your students Mismatch between instruction and learning styles disastrous

6. Purpose of this Workshop Introduction to Learning Styles!! Specifically: Instruments for Measurement Instructional Strategies Resources and Assessment Tools

7. Steps of Teaching Effectiveness: Understanding Learning (both of self and student) Understanding Teaching Assessing Learning Accommodating Differences

8. Understanding Learning How do your students learn best? How do you learn best?

9. Understanding Teaching Consider how you teach in terms of how your students learn: Teaching strategies reflect learning preference

10. Reflection Activity Think of a recent class. How did you present new material? What methods did you use to help students learn (lecture, discussion, group work, etc)?

11. Assessing Learning How do you determine whether your students are actually learning?

12. Accommodating Differences Using a knowledge of different learning styles to drive instruction Ensuring that all students have the opportunity to learn

13. Examining the 3 Learning Styles

14. Visual Learners: Defined (global, affective, abstract, random, concept-oriented): Learn by reading and observing others

15. Visual: Learning Holistic focus: need to see how pieces fit together Need to visualize what they’re doing (may stop, look into space and visualize what they’re learning) Learn best in interactive format: role play, modeling, groups, etc. Become impatient with extensive listening

16. Visual: Teaching Use multiple visual formats: charts presentation software, video, notes, worksheets, flip charts, diagrams, etc. Write goals/objectives of lesson on board Open-ended creative questions encouraging multiple interpretations and solutions

17. Visual: Teaching Leave white space in handouts for note taking. Invite questions to help them stay alert Emphasize key points to cue when to takes notes. Webbing (mind mapping)

18. Visual: Assessment Need open-ended assessment Assign groups problem-solving activities (focus on process and product) Individual research projects to show mastery of material Objective tests should include short answers Individual oral presentations (explore, explain and present material) Demonstrations (applying material in real contexts)

19. Auditory Learners: Defined (concrete sequential, independent, perceptual, field-independent, competitive). Learn through hearing and speaking

20. Auditory: Learning Most commonly rewarded in post- secondary classrooms Skill-oriented & Achievement-oriented Memorize well Clarify learning through articulation Learn from hearing others speak Prefer processing the spoken versus written word Precise, logical, definite

21. Auditory: Teaching Traditional lecture; independent work Group discussion: feedback, paraphrasing from peers Individual conference/interviews with instructor Allow “thinking time” to process information Use the Socratic method of lecturing by questioning

22. Tasks calling for specific answers/solutions Phrasing information several different ways Begin new material with “what is coming” Conclude with “what was covered” Auditory activities, such as brainstorming, buzz groups, or Jeopardy Give time to debrief in order to make connections Auditory: Teaching

23. Auditory: Assessment Objective, specific questions orally or written (true-false, multiple-choice, matching, fill-in) Summative evaluation requiring individual, specific pieces of information Independent research projects

24. Tactile Learners: Defined (random learners, behavioral, both dependent and independent learners). Learn by touching and doing

25. Tactile: Learning Most neglected at post-secondary levels Needs rarely addressed outside of laboratory-required classes Need opportunities for creative, hands- on learning; interactions with concrete materials Learning accommodated through movement

26. Tactile: Teaching Experiential learning activities: labs, modules, educational games Simulations (interact with/apply concepts) Interaction via technology: audio, video, computers Demonstrations/ Role play/ Case Studies

27. Internships/Practica/ Field trips Give frequent stretch breaks (brain breaks) Have students transfer information from the text to another medium such as a keyboard Tactile: Teaching

28. Tactile: Assessment Respond least effectively to traditional methods of testing, papers, etc. so need to modify conventional assessment Demonstrations of learning Role playing Simulations, replicas, exhibits, models

29. Working in groups, how could you revise your earlier lesson from incorporating different learning styles

30. CONCLUSION Implications Strategies

31. Familiarize yourself with research on Learning Styles Organize informal discussion or focus groups to share understandings/gain additional perspectives Analysis of Student Behavior Develop & Implement Teaching Strategies On-going Assessment Commitment: time, resources, administration, faculty Workshop: A great first step! How Do We Do It?