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Competencies of higher education graduates in Russia (case of the Volgograd region) Bydanova L., Post-doctorate, IREDU
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Survey among graduates: sampling design 2,000 graduates, level ISCED 5 (« Bac +5 »), 4 - 5 years after graduation; Volgograd State University (Human and Social sciences, Exact Sciences)
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Key question: Competencies What competencies are required on the graduate labour market in Russia? How higher education contributes to developping of required competencies?
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Russia: economy in transition 1990: Move from a planning economy to a free market one 1990 – 1998 : Economic crise PIB : - 38 %; Employment rate : - 12 % 1999 - 2005: Economic revival Average annual PIB increase: 6 % (1999 – 2004) Decrease in unemployment: from 7,059 thousands to 5,208 thousands (2000 – 2005)
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Graduate Labour Market in Europe Demand for a Flexible Professional with 4 areas of competence : Professional expertise; Functional flexibility; Innovation and knowledge management; Mobilisation of human resources. European survey (« Careers of Higher Education Graduates (CHEERS) » project, 1998; 11 countries of EU and Japan, 35,000 graduates)
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… and in Russia ? What competencies are required on the Russian labour market? Hypothesis: Like in the countires of the EU, the expert knowledge is not the only and the most demanded competence. There is a need for a larger set of competencies.
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Competencies
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Competencies required on the labour market Competencies required in current employment (graduates assessment) Scale: 1 (not important) - 7 (very important), N = 290
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Role of non-cognitive competencies Evidence from international research: Non-cognitive competencies are of high importance for professional success (Bowles, Gintis et Osborne, 2001, Heckman, Stixrud & Urzua, 2006, Postleweite & Silverman, 2006, Suleman et Paul, 2006, Blanden, Gregg, Macmillan, 2006) Coefficients of importance of competencies in employment
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Monetary returns to competencies, other than knowledge in field
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Monetary returns to competencies: other than knowledge in field
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Flexibility: impact on earnings
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Conclusion 1 Knowledge in field is far from being the only and the most demanded competence on the labour market.
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Role of higher education in developping the required competencies
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Conclusions Knowledge in field is far from being the only and the most demanded competence on the labour market. Higher education institutions should pay more attention to developing a wide range of other competencies
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Monetary returns to competencies International research: Workers using computers earn an average premium of 20 %, compared to those who do not use computers at all » (Green, 1998, Great Britain) Cognitive skills and strategic skills bring a 3 % increase in salary and a premium of 11-16 % in profit sharing in a banking sector in Portugal (Suleman & Paul, 2006) Research in Russia: No studies known on this topic
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Monetary returns to competencies: difference across sectors
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