1. Mass-Wasting Movement of Large Amounts of Material Downhill under Gravity

2. Types of Mass Wasting Slow vs. Fast Wet vs. Dry Cohesive vs. Fragmented

3. Types of Mass Wasting Creep Slow Landslide Earthflow, Mudflow, Debris Flow Avalanche Rockfall Slump Complex Landslide

4. Factors in Mass Wasting Climate Moisture Steep Slopes Weak Rocks Existing Failure Surfaces

5. Soil Creep

8. Soil Creep, California

9. Creep, North Carolina

10. Colluvium, San Bernardino Mountains, California

11. Mystery or Soil Creep?

12. Four Years’ Mass-Wasting, Bosnia

13. 100*40/2 cm 2 = 2000 cm 2 (4 years) = 500 cm 2 /year Removed from 1 km slope per year = 500 cm 2 /100,000 cm = 1 cm/200 yr = 5000 cm (50 m)/m.y. = 50m /m.y. A 1-m (100 cm) soil mantle yields 500 cm 2 /year, so movement = 500 cm 2 /year/100 cm = 5 cm/year

14. Debris Flow, Utah

15. Landslide, Wyoming

16. Geological Disneyland, Utah

17. Landslide, Utah

18. Landslide, Wyoming

19. Landslide and Slope Control, Wyoming

20. Landslide, Wyoming

21. Bridge of the Gods, Washington

23. Gros Ventre Slide, Wyoming, 1925

24. Slide Lake, Wyoming

25. Gros Ventre Slide, Wyoming

26. Landslide, Pakistan, January 4, 2010

28. Urban Planning, San Diego

29. Martian Landslide

30. Active Landslide on Mars

32. Rockfalls, Yosemite, California

34. Block Slide, Yosemite

35. Rockslide, Yosemite

36. Slumps? Baird Creek

37. Avalanche Chute, Colorado

38. Landslide, Mount Saint Helens

39. Aberfan, Wales October 21, 1966, a large waste pile from coal mining collapsed Village school was in the path of the slide 144 people killed, 116 of them children Weathering of coal mine waste liberates sulfuric acid and weakens waste piles Seepage beneath pile contributed

40. Coal Tip, England

41. Aberfan Slide

42. Inquiry Board, 1967 the Aberfan Disaster is a terrifying tale of bungling ineptitude by many men charged with tasks for which they were totally unfitted, of failure to heed clear warnings, and of total lack of direction from above. Not villains but decent men, led astray by foolishness or by ignorance or by both in combination, are responsible for what happened at Aberfan.

43. Sherman Glacier, Alaska, March 27, 1964

45. Blackhawk Landslide, California

46. Saidmareh Landslide, Iran

47. Landslide on Iapetus

48. Viaont, Italy, October 9, 1963 1800 people died.

49. Yungay, Peru, May 31, 1970

51. Lituya Bay, Alaska, July 9, 1958

52. Lituya Bay, Before and After

53. The Scour Line

54. The Highest Wave Ever Recorded

55. Dealing With Mass-Wasting Proper Land Use – Stay out of Danger Take warnings seriously Structural Control – Retaining Structures – Drainage – Terraces Warning System Accept the Risk and Responsibility Abolish Insurance ?