1. What might have happened?
Advanced 2

2. Speculating with modal verbs
May / might / could = not certain
(Maybe, It’s possible)
Must = almost certain
(Probably, I’ll bet)
Can’t / couldn’t / had to = very certain
(It’s obvious, There’s no question)

3. Speculating about the past
May / might / could have + past participle
= not certain
Must have + past participle
= almost certain
Can’t / couldn’t / had to have + past participle
= very certain

4. Modal + have + past participle
May / might / could have + past participle
Bigfoot could have been a gorilla.
Must have + past participle
Atlantis must have been real.
Can’t / couldn’t / had to have + past participle
The Loss ness Monster can’t have existed.

5. Modal + have + past participle
May / might / could have + past participle
Bigfoot could have been a gorilla.
Must have + past participle
Atlantis must have been real.
Can’t / couldn’t / had to have + past participle
The Loss ness Monster can’t have existed.

6. What might have happened to the Mary Celeste?
Pirates?
Sea monsters from the deep?
Abduction by aliens?
Submarines?
Time travel?
Underwater earthquakes?

7. How true are they? The sailors might have been abducted by aliens.
The captain and his family may have been killed by his crew.
The cargo might not have been taken away due to its heavy weight.
All the crew couldn’t have been killed by a big storm.
Everybody must have been dragged to the bottom of the sea by a huge creature.

8. What do all the sentences have in common?
The sailors might have been abducted by aliens.
The captain and his family may have been killed by his crew.
The cargo might not have been taken away due to its heavy weight.
All the crew couldn’t have been killed by a big storm.
Everybody must have been dragged to the bottom of the sea by a huge creature.

9. Perfect modals in the passive voice.
The sailors might have been abducted by aliens.
The captain and his family may have been killed by his crew.
The cargo might not have been taken away due to its heavy weight.
All the crew couldn’t have been killed by a big storm.
Everybody must have been dragged to the bottom of the sea by a huge creature.

10. Perfect modals in the passive voice.
Active Voice:
Aliens might have abducted the sailors.
Modal + have + past particple

11. Perfect modals in the passive voice.
Active Voice:
Aliens might have abducted the sailors.
Modal + have + past particple
Passive Voice:
The sailors might have been abducted by aliens.
Modal + have + been + past participle

12. Perfect modals in the passive voice.
Active Voice:
Aliens might have abducted the sailors.
Modal + have + past particple
Passive Voice:
The sailors might have been abducted by aliens.
Modal + have + been + past participle

13. Now, open your books
to page 103 and
complete activity D.