1. Methods to Reduce Sulfur Dioxide Emissions From Coal-Fueled Utilities
Title visual to example talk. The speaker should use this visual to discuss introductory material such as the importance of the talk Notice that having the speaker’s name and institution allows the speaker to begin in a more powerful than just My name is Cynthia Schmidt and I’m from the Mechanical Engineering Department at the University of Texas. There’s nothing wrong with that opening, but it could be more powerful: Last year, coal-fired utilities emitted more than 21 million tons of sulfur dioxides into the atmosphere. Again, the most common mistake that students make with title visuals is that they do not project them long enough. (CSW, pages )
Cynthia Schmidt
Mechanical Engineering Department
University of Texas

2. Three classes of methods exist for reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide
pre-combustion methods
Mapping visual of sample presentation. While most speakers miss an opportunity with mapping visuals by just giving the audience a boring and unmemorable vertical list of topics (including the names “Introduction” and “Conclusion”), this speaker couched the list in an image, which was much easier for the audience to remember. In regards to the names “Introduction” and “Conclusion,” every talk has those sections, and the names are not missed. Note also that the speaker grouped her methods into three categories. Groups of two’s, three’s, and four’s are much easier to remember and are not so nearly intimidating as groups of five’s, six’s, and seven’s. This particular visual appears in the textbook. (CSW, pages )
combustion
methods
post-combustion
methods

3. Coal switching and coal cleaning are two precombustion methods
High Sulfur Mine
Low Sulfur Mine
First visual for the body’s first main category--in essence, this visual maps the two methods in this category of methods. (CSW, pages )

4. Utilities can reduce SO2 emissions by switching to low sulfur coal
Low Sulfur Mine
High Sulfur Mine
• 70% removal of SO2
• no capital costs
• increased coal costs
• increased transportation costs
Second visual for body’s first main category. Notice the sentence headline. Notice also the images and results in the body. (CSW, pages )

5. Coal cleaning removes sulfur from the coal after it is mined
• 20–70% removal of SO2
• no capital costs
• increased coal cost
• decreased transportation costs
• decreased operating costs
Third visual for body’s first main category. Notice the sentence headline. Notice also the images and results in the body. (CSW, pages )

6. Choose a format that's professional
The most effective combustion method is an atmospheric fluidized bed
separator
air
inlet
cleaned
exhaust
grid
• 90% removal capability
• low capital cost—able to use in existing equipment
• high operating cost
• ability to use different grades of coal
First (and only) visual for body’s second main category. Notice the sentence headline. Notice also the images and results in the body. This particular visual appears in the textbook. (CSW, pages )

7. Absorption and adsorption are two post-combustion processes
mist
eliminator
spray
water
inlet for
combustion
gases
gas outlet
drain
Absorption
Adsorption
inlet
for
combustion
gases
gas
outlet
stationary
sorbent bed
First visual for the body’s third main category--in essence, this visual maps the two methods in this category of methods.(CSW, pages )

8. Absorption removes SO2 by washing the exhaust gas after combustion
gas outlet
• 90–95% removal of SO2
• high capital costs
• increased operating costs
• large amounts of water needed
• disposal problem for sludge
mist
eliminator
spray
water
Second visual for body’s third main category. Notice the sentence headline. Notice also the images and results in the body. (CSW, pages )
inlet for
combustion
gases
drain

9. Adsorption removes sulfur dioxide with a stationary sorbent bed
inlet for
combustion
gases
gas
outlet
• 80% removal of SO2
• high capital costs
• no need for water
• increased operating costs
Third visual for body’s third main category. Notice the sentence headline. Notice also the images and results in the body. (CSW, pages )

10. Percentage Reduction of SO2
By using these methods, coal utilities can greatly reduce SO2 emissions
coal cleaning
coal switching
fluidized bed
absorption
adsorption
40%
40%
80%
90%
95%
Conclusion visual for the presentation. This visual summarizes the most important result--namely, the effectiveness of each at removing sulfur dioxides. Notice, though, that the speaker has the opportunity to give a future perspective in the speech by discussing other criteria for deciding upon these methods and discussing which of the these methods might easily be used in combinations with the others. (CSW, pages )
80% 25 50 75
Percentage Reduction of SO2