1. Operational Mechanisms for Provision of Climate Services Globally
G Srinivasan/ Rupa Kumar Kolli
WMO
National Consultation on a Framework for Climate Services in Belize, Radisson, Fort George, Belize City 30 Oct to 1 Nov 2013
National Consultation on a Framework for Climate Services in Belize, Radisson, Fort George, Belize City 30 Oct to 1 Nov 2013

2. Climate Services Generation Ultimate user
Consolidation of knowledge about past, present and future state of the climate system;
Identification climate information needs within the communities and specific sectors to actions that are particularly sensitive to climate variability and change;
Development and delivery of a range of ‘products’ and advice based on climate knowledge and driven by the identified needs for climate services;
Ongoing efforts for building applications/products and capacities for effective uptake to help achieve benefits
Generation
Ultimate user
National Consultation on a Framework for Climate Services in Belize, Radisson, Fort George, Belize City 30 Oct to 1 Nov 2013

3. Distinctive Features of climate services
Available
at time and space scales that the user needs
Dependable
delivered regularly and on time
Usable
presented in user specific formats so that the client can fully understand
Credible
for the user to confidently apply to decision-making
Authentic
entitled to be accepted by stakeholders in the given decision contexts
Responsive and flexible
to the evolving user needs
Sustainable
affordable and consistent over time.
Climate Risk Management
Defined as a systematic and coordinated process in which climate information is used to reduce the risks associated with climate variability and change, and to take advantage of opportunities, in order to improve the resilience of social, economic and environmental systems.
National Consultation on a Framework for Climate Services in Belize, Radisson, Fort George, Belize City 30 Oct to 1 Nov 2013

4. Climate risk management and adaptation actions
Need to provide Climate information and Services on a continuum of time-scales for
Climate risk management and adaptation actions
Current Climate Variability
Future Climate Change
Impacts/Risks/Adaptation
Seasonal
2100
Decadal
Weather scale
Inter-annual
20 – 30 yrs
Climate, in a narrow sense can be defined as the average weather conditions for a particular location and period of time. Described in terms of statistical tendencies and variability.
National Consultation on a Framework for Climate Services in Belize, Radisson, Fort George, Belize City 30 Oct to 1 Nov 2013

5. Global Regional National Data and Product flows Framework Elements
Feedback & Demand
Global Centers receive and process nationally generated data and produce & distribute data and products
Observations
Research
Information System
User Interface
Capacity Building
Respond to globally expressed needs from stakeholders at all levels both suppliers and users
Global
Data flows
Feedback
Observations
Research
Information System
User Interface
Capacity Building
Regional dedicated entities within the region collection and exchange of data & products
Responds mainly to stakeholders within the region, particularly national organizations.
Regional
Products & Services
Observations
Research
Information System
User Interface
Capacity Building
Source of all data & products, for within country use and international exchange
Primary Focus on national needs, relationship with users and provide feedback on requirements
National
National Users
National Consultation on a Framework for Climate Services in Belize, Radisson, Fort George, Belize City 30 Oct to 1 Nov 2013

6. Food Security
Climate is just one of the many factors !!

7. Components of the Framework
User Interface Platform - to provide a means for users, user representatives, climate researchers and climate service providers to interact
Climate Services Information System - to collect, process and distribute climate data and information according to the needs of users and according to the procedures agreed by governments and other data providers
Observations and Monitoring - to ensure that the climate observations necessary to meet the needs of climate services are generated.
Research, Modelling and Prediction - to assess and promote the needs of climate services within research agendas
Capacity Building - to support systematic development of the necessary institutions, infrastructure and human resources to provide effective climate services.
Another slide with more details of proposal
National Consultation on a Framework for Climate Services in Belize, Radisson, Fort George, Belize City 30 Oct to 1 Nov 2013 7

8. Climate Service Information System (CSIS)
The CSIS is the component of the GFCS most concerned with the generation and dissemination (data flow) of climate information.
It is the ‘operational centre’ of the GFCS. It will include climate monitoring, prediction (monthly, seasonal, decadal) and projection (centennial) activities.
CSIS “to collect, process and distribute climate data and information according to the needs of users and according to the procedures agreed by governments and other data providers.’
National Consultation on a Framework for Climate Services in Belize, Radisson, Fort George, Belize City 30 Oct to 1 Nov 2013

9. Elements of Climate Services Information System
National Consultation on a Framework for Climate Services in Belize, Radisson, Fort George, Belize City 30 Oct to 1 Nov 2013

10. Currently Designated GPCs
Links to GPCs:
National Consultation on a Framework for Climate Services in Belize, Radisson, Fort George, Belize City 30 Oct to 1 Nov 2013

11. Global Producing Centres of LRF
In 2006, WMO set up a process to designate centres making global seasonal forecasts as WMO Global Producing Centres (GPCs) of Long Range Forecasts
GPCs adhere to defined standards – aiding consistency and usability of output:
a fixed forecast production cycle
a standard set of forecast products
WMO-defined verification standards (for retrospective forecasts)
A comprehensive set of standard verification measures, with which to communicate the skill of forecasts, has been defined (the WMO Standard Verification System for Long-Range Forecasts – SVSLRF)
National Consultation on a Framework for Climate Services in Belize, Radisson, Fort George, Belize City 30 Oct to 1 Nov 2013

12. GPC products provided as minimum requirement
Predictions for averages, accumulations, or frequencies over 1-month periods or longer
typically, anomalies in 3-month-averaged quantities is the standard format for seasonal forecasts. Forecasts are usually expressed probabilistically
Lead time: between 0 and 4 months
Issue frequency: monthly or at least quarterly
Delivery: graphical images on GPC website and/or digital data for download
Variables: 2m temperature, precipitation, sea-surface temperature (SST), MSLP, 500hPa height, 850hPa temperature
Long-term forecast skill assessments, using measures defined by the SVSLRF
National Consultation on a Framework for Climate Services in Belize, Radisson, Fort George, Belize City 30 Oct to 1 Nov 2013

13. WMO Lead Centres for LRF
WMO Lead Center for Long Range Forecast Multi-Model Ensemble (LC-LRFMME) Jointly coordinated by Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) and NOAA/NCEP
WMO Lead Center for Standard Verification System of Long Range Forecasts (LC-SVSLRF) Jointly coordinated by Bureau of Meteorology (BoM), Australia and Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC)
National Consultation on a Framework for Climate Services in Belize, Radisson, Fort George, Belize City 30 Oct to 1 Nov 22013

14. Global and Seasonal Climate Update (GSCU)
WMO CCl TT Global and Seasonal Climate Update (GSCU)
Regular global consensus statements on seasonal climate – Global Seasonal Climate Update (GSCU);
GSCU to include information on current and future seasonal anomalies and uncertainty aspects to assist risk management, adaptation policies and decision making of global partners
Enhanced use of such products by RCCs and other regional entities;
Global-scale climate monitoring results for the previous 3 months
Potential evolution of the state of the climate over the next 3 months
National Consultation on a Framework for Climate Services in Belize, Radisson, Fort George, Belize City 30 Oct to 1 Nov 2013

15. WMO RCC Status Worldwide Carbbean (CIMH) – in demonstartion phase.
Designated RCCs
Designated RCC Network
BCC
TCC
NEACC
ICPAC
ACMAD
CIIFEN
Pilot RCCs
Pilot RCC Networks by 2012
Pilot RCCs in development
SADC-CSC
CIMH
National Consultation on a Framework for Climate Services in Belize, Radisson, Fort George, Belize City 30 Oct to 1 Nov 2013

16. Regional Climate Centres (RCCs)
WMO RCCs are Centres of Excellence performing regional-scale climate functions
Mandatory Functions:
Operational Activities for LRF
Operational Activities for Climate Monitoring
Operational Data Services, to support operational LRF and climate monitoring
Training in the use of operational RCC products and services
Highly Recommended Functions:
Climate prediction and projection (recognized as important need – WCRP/CORDEX linkage and linkage with the research communities)
Non-operational data services
Coordination functions
Training and capacity building
Research and development
National Consultation on a Framework for Climate Services in Belize, Radisson, Fort George, Belize City 30 Oct to 1 Nov 22013

17. Regional Climate Outlook Forums worldwide
NEACOF
EASCOF
SASCOF
ASEANCOF
National Consultation on a Framework for Climate Services in Belize, Radisson, Fort George, Belize City 30 Oct to 1 Nov 2013

18. RCOF Concept
produce and disseminate a regional assessment (using a consensus-based approach) of regional climate for the upcoming season.
Regional networking of the climate service providers and user-sector
RCOFs bring together national, regional and international climate experts, on an operational basis, to produce regional climate outlooks based on input from NMHSs, regional institutions, Regional Climate Centres (RCCs) and Global Producing Centres of long range forecasts (GPCs) and other climate prediction centres.
Through interaction with sectoral users, extension agencies and policy makers, RCOFs assess the likely implications of the outlooks on the core socio-economic sectors in the region and explore potential applications of these outlooks.
RCOF sessions are expected to feed into national forums to develop detailed national-scale climate outlooks and risk information including warnings for communication to decision-makers and the public.
National Consultation on a Framework for Climate Services in Belize, Radisson, Fort George, Belize City 30 Oct to 1 Nov 2013

19. Capacity development Human capacity Infrastructural capacity
Procedural capacity
Institutional capacity
Capacity development should:
address both demand and supply sides
be service oriented
respond to user needs
be balanced with climate science capabilities
National Consultation on a Framework for Climate Services in Belize, Radisson, Fort George, Belize City 30 Oct to 1 Nov 2013

20. In conclusion we have to build
Systematic and coordinated process for production and use of climate information
Integrated global to national levels
Capacities to build bridges and serve specific needs
National Consultation on a Framework for Climate Services in Belize, Radisson, Fort George, Belize City 30 Oct to 1 Nov 2013

21. Thank You gsrinivasan@wmo.int/RKolli@wmo.int
For more information on GFCS:
Google Group:
National Consultation on a Framework for Climate Services in Belize, Radisson, Fort George, Belize City 30 Oct to 1 Nov 22013

22. RCCs (contd.) – update
RCCs will be complementary to and supportive of NMHSs; warnings and national-scale products will continue to be the responsibility of NMHSs
Establishment of RCCs is initiated by Regional Associations, based on regional needs and priorities
Implementation Status:
Beijing and Tokyo designated as WMO RCCs in June 2009; North Eurasian Climate Centre (Russia) commenced RCC pilot phase in December 2010.
India, Iran and Saudi Arabia expressed interest to host RCCs
Pilot phase of RCC-Network getting completed in Europe; and designation completed.
Africa initiates RCC implementation by identifying six RCCs (two of them being RCC-Networks); ICPAC and ACMAD commenced pilot phase operations.
South America decides to establish 3 RCCs (two of them being RCC-Networks): CIIFEN, Brazil-Argentina and Brazil-French Guayana
Carbbean (CIMH) – has expressed inteerst and entered into demonstartion phase.
National Consultation on a Framework for Climate Services in Belize, Radisson, Fort George, Belize City 30 Oct to 1 Nov 22013

23. Regional Climate Outlook Forums (RCOFs)
A key component of WMO Climate Information and Prediction Services (CLIPS) project activities.
First established in October 1996 at the Workshop on Reducing Climate-Related Vulnerability in Southern Africa (Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe).
Gained momentum as a regional response to the major 1997–1998 El Niño event.
RCOF Concept was pioneered in Africa and spread worldwide.
WMO and a number of national, regional and international organizations (e.g., NOAA, IRI, Meteo France, World Bank, etc.) have supported their growth and expansion.
National Consultation on a Framework for Climate Services in Belize, Radisson, Fort George, Belize City 30 Oct to 1 Nov 2013

24. Categories of Infrastructural Capacities
Seasonal Climate Outlooks
Decadal Climate Prediction
Long-term Climate Projections
Interaction with users
Climate Observations
Climate Data Management
Climate Application Tools
Climate Monitoring
Specialised climate products
Customized climate products
Climate Services
Basic
Cat 1
Climate Services
Essential
Cat 2
Climate Services
Full
Cat 3
Climate Service
Advanced
Cat 4
National Consultation on a Framework for Climate Services in Belize, Radisson, Fort George, Belize City 30 Oct to 1 Nov 2013