1. By Juan Vicente

2.  “The term for organizations outside the state that aid citizens in advancing their interests. They are very strong in liberal democracies, where citizens learn and exercise democratic values. Organizations may be based on class, religion or ethnic ties, or may go above these to create a more united society outside of governmental control. ”(Charles Taylor)  For the public, not for private purposes  Part of CRONC

3.  Organizations form for:  Economic  Cultural  Informational and Educational  Interest groups  Developmental organizations  Issues-Oriented Movements  Civic groups  Ideological marketplace

4.  Concerned with the public and not private means  Relate to the State but are not looking for a position in it  Accessible to the common citizen  Pluralist, Partiality and Diversity

5.  Economic Growth  Spread Interests and Issues to the public  Develops programs  Develop Democracy:  Check on the government  Promote Political Participation

6.  Pluralist:  Many groups for one interest  Very Competitive to influence politically  Democratic  One or a few groups are generally formed for a certain interest  Controlled  Government manages the actions

7.  Before 1980s civil society organizations were rare  Save the Children Fund(1919)  CARE International(1945)  Post 1980s NGOs rocketed in numbers  Islamic Relief Worldwide(1984)  Marie Stopes International(1993)  ONE Campaign(2004)

8.  Glasnost and Petestroika  Moscow Helsinki Group(1975)  Committee of Soldier’s Mothers(1989)  Since 2006  Russian Federation Law #18-FZ  Russian Federation Law #131  Government funding of SOME organizations

9.  1949-1976 all associational activity was mediated by the state and communist party  All-China Women’s Federation (1949)  All-China Youth Federation (1949)  1980s GONGOs  China Association for International Understanding(1981)  China Education Association for International Exchange (1981)  Quasi-Independent Legal Existence(1989)  180,000 organizations created

10.  President Mohammed Khatomi(1997-2005)  Popli Khalatbari Charitable Foundation(1998)  President Mohammed Ahmadinejad(2005-2013)  Justice of Iran(2010)  Larger role than in other Arab States

11.  1960-1970s Only legitimate organizations were affiliated with party state  1968 student movement  1980s Organizations began to develop  1982 Economic crisis, 1985 earthquake, 1988 election  1990s More organizations formed as Mexico struggled for democracy  1995 North American Free Trade Agreement  2000s Democracy at last  American Chamber of Commerce of Mexico(1917) and El Caracol(1994)

12.  Military Rule (1966-1999)  Constrained the civil society organizations  Post Military Rule (1999)  Democracy was reinstated after election of Olusegun Obasanjo  Stability can be withheld if government and civil society organizations work together  African Youth Development Foundation(1999)  Omonijuku Foundation(2009)