1. Ethics Across the Curriculum

3.  Values Clarification  Presenting students cases and asking: “What do you think?”

4.  Values Clarification  Presenting students cases and asking: “What do you think?”  Challenge them to develop a reason why they think that.

5.  Values Clarification  Presenting students cases and asking: “What do you think?”  Challenge them to develop a reason why they think that.  Goal: consistency among their beliefs

6.  Moral Theory Approach

7.  Presenting students case studies and moral theories.

8.  Moral Theory Approach  Presenting students case studies and moral theories.  Asking them how theory A would lead us to respond and why, and then how theory B would lead us to respond and why.

9.  Moral Theory Approach  Presenting students case studies and moral theories.  Asking them how theory A would lead us to respond and why, and then how theory B would lead us to respond and why.  Goal: a plausible moral worldview (not merely internal consistency)

11.  Humans are intrinsically valuable.

12. Why?  Value is either “extrinsic” (ascribed) or “intrinsic” (inherent).  Beings who have (a) the capacity for understanding moral reasons and (b) acting on moral reasons are the only sort of beings for whom moral obligations are relevant, thus they are the source of all extrinsic value in the universe.  Humans meet conditions (a) and (b).  Therefore, humans are intrinsically valuable.

13.  Humans are intrinsically valuable.  Duties are discovered by applying a rational criterion to an action in light of the intrinsic value of humans.

14.  Humans are intrinsically valuable.  Duties are discovered by applying a rational criterion to an action in light of the intrinsic value of humans.  Which rational criterion is relevant depends on the duty-based theorist.

16.  Happiness is the only morally valuable feature of reality.

17.  The value of each being that can experience pleasure and pain (“sentient” beings, human or animal) is calculated equally.

18.  Happiness is the only morally valuable feature of reality.  The value of each being that can experience pleasure and pain (“sentient” beings, human or animal) is calculated equally.  An act is right or wrong insofar as it increases or decreases the overall happiness of the most sentient beings over the longest time.

19. Inclination Intended Result Will Duty Actual Result What makes an act right or wrong?

20. Inclination Intended Result Will Duty Actual Result What makes an act right or wrong?

21. Inclination Intended Result Will Duty Actual Result What makes an act right or wrong?

22. The Trolley Case