1. Task Analysis Gentile’s Taxonomy Map of Essential Concepts DM McKeough © 2009 Performance Environment Intertrial Variability Task/ Environmental Constraints Use of Extremities ADLs In Taxonomy PT Interventions In Taxonomy Progressing a Treatment Program Desired Outcome of Action Review Questions Learning Objectives Progressing a Treatment Program

2. Task Analysis Learning Objectives Learning Objectives Learning Objectives Learning Objectives Gentile’s Taxonomy Gentile’s Taxonomy Gentile’s Taxonomy Gentile’s Taxonomy Performance Environment: Closed/ Open Performance Environment: Closed/ Open Performance Environment: Closed/ Open Performance Environment: Closed/ Open Intertrial Variability Intertrial Variability Intertrial Variability Intertrial Variability Desired Outcome of Action: Stability/ Transport Desired Outcome of Action: Stability/ Transport Desired Outcome of Action: Stability/ Transport Desired Outcome of Action: Stability/ Transport Use of Extremities Use of Extremities Use of Extremities Use of Extremities ADLS in Taxonomy ADLS in Taxonomy ADLS in Taxonomy ADLS in Taxonomy PT Interventions in Taxonomy PT Interventions in Taxonomy PT Interventions in Taxonomy PT Interventions in Taxonomy Progressing a Treatment Program in Taxonomy Progressing a Treatment Program in Taxonomy Progressing a Treatment Program in Taxonomy Progressing a Treatment Program in Taxonomy Task/ Environmental Constraints Task/ Environmental Constraints Task/ Environmental Constraints Task/ Environmental Constraints Review Questions Review Questions Review Questions Review Questions Learning Objectives Learning Objectives Learning Objectives Learning Objectives Gentile’s Taxonomy Gentile’s Taxonomy Gentile’s Taxonomy Gentile’s Taxonomy Performance Environment: Closed/ Open Performance Environment: Closed/ Open Performance Environment: Closed/ Open Performance Environment: Closed/ Open Intertrial Variability Intertrial Variability Intertrial Variability Intertrial Variability Desired Outcome of Action: Stability/ Transport Desired Outcome of Action: Stability/ Transport Desired Outcome of Action: Stability/ Transport Desired Outcome of Action: Stability/ Transport Use of Extremities Use of Extremities Use of Extremities Use of Extremities ADLS in Taxonomy ADLS in Taxonomy ADLS in Taxonomy ADLS in Taxonomy PT Interventions in Taxonomy PT Interventions in Taxonomy PT Interventions in Taxonomy PT Interventions in Taxonomy Progressing a Treatment Program in Taxonomy Progressing a Treatment Program in Taxonomy Progressing a Treatment Program in Taxonomy Progressing a Treatment Program in Taxonomy Task/ Environmental Constraints Task/ Environmental Constraints Task/ Environmental Constraints Task/ Environmental Constraints Review Questions Review Questions Review Questions Review Questions Last Viewed Last Viewed Task Analysis Task Analysis Exit Concept Map Concept Map

3. Learning Objectives At the completion of this presentation the learner will be able to: At the completion of this presentation the learner will be able to: define and discuss open and closed environments, intertrial variability, body stability and body transport, and independent limb manipulation define and discuss open and closed environments, intertrial variability, body stability and body transport, and independent limb manipulation classify PT intervention activities in Gentile’s taxonomy classify PT intervention activities in Gentile’s taxonomy progress a treatment program using Gentile’s taxonomy progress a treatment program using Gentile’s taxonomy describe how the performance environment determines if a performer uses one or multiple movement strategies describe how the performance environment determines if a performer uses one or multiple movement strategies At the completion of this presentation the learner will be able to: At the completion of this presentation the learner will be able to: define and discuss open and closed environments, intertrial variability, body stability and body transport, and independent limb manipulation define and discuss open and closed environments, intertrial variability, body stability and body transport, and independent limb manipulation classify PT intervention activities in Gentile’s taxonomy classify PT intervention activities in Gentile’s taxonomy progress a treatment program using Gentile’s taxonomy progress a treatment program using Gentile’s taxonomy describe how the performance environment determines if a performer uses one or multiple movement strategies describe how the performance environment determines if a performer uses one or multiple movement strategies Last Viewed Last Viewed Task Analysis Task Analysis Exit Concept Map Concept Map

4. Gentile’s Taxonomy of Tasks DESIRED OUTCOME OF THE ACTION (Goal) Body StabilityBody Transport Environmental Context No Manipulation No Manipulation Stationary No intertrial variability SIMPLECOMPLEX E N V I R O N M E N T A L C L O S E D Stationary Intertrial variability Motion No intertrial variability C O N D I T I O N O P E N Motion Intertrial variability COMPLEX Last Viewed Last Viewed Task Analysis Task Analysis Exit Concept Map Concept Map

5. Performance Environment Closed environment: regulatory stimuli remain stationary in time and space during the performance Closed environment: regulatory stimuli remain stationary in time and space during the performance Chair, quiet room, quiet PT gym Chair, quiet room, quiet PT gym Performer is free to start & stop at will (must only meet the spatial demands of the environment) Performer is free to start & stop at will (must only meet the spatial demands of the environment) Open environment: regulatory stimuli change/move in time and space during the performance Open environment: regulatory stimuli change/move in time and space during the performance Seat on a moving bus, catch a ball, walk in crowded hall Seat on a moving bus, catch a ball, walk in crowded hall Prediction is required Prediction is required Closed environment: regulatory stimuli remain stationary in time and space during the performance Closed environment: regulatory stimuli remain stationary in time and space during the performance Chair, quiet room, quiet PT gym Chair, quiet room, quiet PT gym Performer is free to start & stop at will (must only meet the spatial demands of the environment) Performer is free to start & stop at will (must only meet the spatial demands of the environment) Open environment: regulatory stimuli change/move in time and space during the performance Open environment: regulatory stimuli change/move in time and space during the performance Seat on a moving bus, catch a ball, walk in crowded hall Seat on a moving bus, catch a ball, walk in crowded hall Prediction is required Prediction is required Last Viewed Last Viewed Task Analysis Task Analysis Exit Concept Map Concept Map

6. Intertrial Variability No intertrial variability: Performance environment remains closed and fixed R1, R2, R3 No intertrial variability: Performance environment remains closed and fixed R1, R2, R3 Sit  Std from same chair repeatedly Sit  Std from same chair repeatedly Intertrial variability: Performance environment remains closed but changes between R1, R2, R3 Intertrial variability: Performance environment remains closed but changes between R1, R2, R3 Sit  Std from different chairs Sit  Std from different chairs Golf, bowling Golf, bowling No intertrial variability: Performance environment remains closed and fixed R1, R2, R3 No intertrial variability: Performance environment remains closed and fixed R1, R2, R3 Sit  Std from same chair repeatedly Sit  Std from same chair repeatedly Intertrial variability: Performance environment remains closed but changes between R1, R2, R3 Intertrial variability: Performance environment remains closed but changes between R1, R2, R3 Sit  Std from different chairs Sit  Std from different chairs Golf, bowling Golf, bowling Last Viewed Last Viewed Task Analysis Task Analysis Exit Concept Map Concept Map

7. DESIRED OUTCOME OF THE ACTION (Goal) Body stability: the desired outcome of the action is to keep the line of gravity within base Body stability: the desired outcome of the action is to keep the line of gravity within base Remain seated or standing Remain seated or standing Body transport: the desired outcome of the action is to move the body from one location to another Body transport: the desired outcome of the action is to move the body from one location to another Roll in bed, walk across room Roll in bed, walk across room Body stability: the desired outcome of the action is to keep the line of gravity within base Body stability: the desired outcome of the action is to keep the line of gravity within base Remain seated or standing Remain seated or standing Body transport: the desired outcome of the action is to move the body from one location to another Body transport: the desired outcome of the action is to move the body from one location to another Roll in bed, walk across room Roll in bed, walk across room Last Viewed Last Viewed Task Analysis Task Analysis Exit Concept Map Concept Map

8. Use of Extremities No manipulation: the stability or transport action is performed without a second task involving manipulation by the extremities No manipulation: the stability or transport action is performed without a second task involving manipulation by the extremities This is essentially a postural stability issue either stationary of moving This is essentially a postural stability issue either stationary of moving Manipulation: 2 tasks are being performed simultaneously Manipulation: 2 tasks are being performed simultaneously As postural stability is being maintained (stationary or moving), As postural stability is being maintained (stationary or moving), The extremities are simultaneously performing a manipulation The extremities are simultaneously performing a manipulation UE: drinking while sitting, standing, or walking UE: drinking while sitting, standing, or walking LE: dressing or standing & playing hackey sack LE: dressing or standing & playing hackey sack No manipulation: the stability or transport action is performed without a second task involving manipulation by the extremities No manipulation: the stability or transport action is performed without a second task involving manipulation by the extremities This is essentially a postural stability issue either stationary of moving This is essentially a postural stability issue either stationary of moving Manipulation: 2 tasks are being performed simultaneously Manipulation: 2 tasks are being performed simultaneously As postural stability is being maintained (stationary or moving), As postural stability is being maintained (stationary or moving), The extremities are simultaneously performing a manipulation The extremities are simultaneously performing a manipulation UE: drinking while sitting, standing, or walking UE: drinking while sitting, standing, or walking LE: dressing or standing & playing hackey sack LE: dressing or standing & playing hackey sack Last Viewed Last Viewed Task Analysis Task Analysis Exit Concept Map Concept Map

9. Activities of Daily Living Closed Environment No Intertrial Variability 1/3 Last Viewed Last Viewed Task Analysis Task Analysis Exit Concept Map Concept Map

10. Activities of Daily Living Closed Environment Intertrial Variability 2/3 Last Viewed Last Viewed Task Analysis Task Analysis Exit Concept Map Concept Map

11. Activities of Daily Living Open Environment w/wo Variability 3/3 Last Viewed Last Viewed Task Analysis Task Analysis Exit Concept Map Concept Map

12. Classifying Intervention Activities 1/5 1.Static erect posture sitting/ std 2.Sit & stack cones 3.Sit in 2 different chairs 4.Stationary bike, dressing 5.Stand on escalator/moving walkway 6.Stand on escalator carrying coffee 7.Stand on rocker board, foam 8.Sit/ Std play catch 9.Gait training in empty PT gym 10.Gait training in quiet hall w SPC 11.Walk from linoleum to carpet 12.Walk from hall up stairs w SPC 13.Walk on treadmill,  escalator 14.Walk on treadmill holding hand rail 15.Walk in crowded hall 16.Cross crowded street w SPC Click activity to reveal matrix location DESIRED OUTCOME OF THE ACTION Body StabilityBody Transport Environmental Context No Manipulation No Manipulation Stationary No intertrial variability E N V I R O N M E N T A L C L O S E D Stationary Intertrial variability Motion No intertrial variability C O N D I T I O N O P E N Motion Intertrial variability 1 3 5 7 2 4 8 9 11 15 10 12 16 61314 Last Viewed Last Viewed Task Analysis Task Analysis Exit Concept Map Concept Map

13. Intervention Activities Closed Environment No Intertrial Variability 2/5 Environ.Context Body Stability Body Transport NoManipulationManipulationNoManipulationManipulation Closed No ITV Maintain bal: Quiet sitting ReachingPerturbations Cone of stability Quiet std Dressing Bal on 2/1 legs Tandem Balance beam Maintain balance: Bed exercises (Ankle pumps, heel slides, bridges) Seated/Standing: Moving objects Play catch Personal Hygiene (teeth, hair, face) Weight machines Toe-touch step-up Bed mobility (roll, sup  sit), Transfers  (same surface) Gait trng’  stairs (same height) Gait trng with glass of water, asst device Run & kick stationary ball Most ther. ex. Stand & kick stationary ball Last Viewed Last Viewed Task Analysis Task Analysis Exit Concept Map Concept Map

14. Intervention Activities Closed Environment With Intertrial Variability 3/5 Environ.Context Body Stability Body Transport NoManipulationManipulationNoManipulationManipulation ClosedITV Maintain static/ dynamic bal: different chairs (arms, rocker, sofa), surfaces (carpet linoleum, incline) eyes open/ closed, 2/1 legs, Balance beam (high/low) Maintain balance: Sitting/ standing moving different objects Stationary bike Personal Hygiene (comb, brush, hair dryer) Dressing Wand ex. Bed mobility Transfers  (diff surfaces), Gait trng (diff surfaces),   stairs (diff height), Gait trng (quiet PT gym) with cup of water, diff asst devices Last Viewed Last Viewed Task Analysis Task Analysis Exit Concept Map Concept Map

15. Intervention Activities Open Environment No Intertrial Variability 4/5 Environ.Context Body Stability Body Transport NoManipulationManipulationNoManipulationManipulation Open No ITV Maintain bal standing on: escalator, moving sidewalk Stand & pick objects off conveyer belt Rearrange luggage while maintain bal standing on: escalator, moving sidewalk Walking on treadmill, escalator, moving sidewalk Holding on while walking on treadmill Last Viewed Last Viewed Task Analysis Task Analysis Exit Concept Map Concept Map

16. Intervention Activities Open Environment With Intertrial Variability 5/5 Environ.Context Body Stability Body Transport NoManipulationManipulationNoManipulationManipulation OpenITV Maintain bal sitting/ std: bus/car, elevator, Compliant surface (foam, air, rocker board, Swiss ball) Balance play catch sit/ stand (same or dif objects) Gait trn in crowded corridor Gait trng in crowded corridor with asst device Run & throw/ catch/ kick (same or diff objects) Ride bike on crowded street Last Viewed Last Viewed Task Analysis Task Analysis Exit Concept Map Concept Map

17. Progressing a Treatment Program ICU Sit (I) bedside Sit & notes Std & books Amb x60’ Max (A) Level surface LTG: return PTS w TBI from ICU to Classroom 1. STG1: Sit (I) bedside 2. STG2: (I) sitt & drink 3. STG3: (I) sitting notes, std w books 4. STG4: Amb x60” Max (A), level surface 5. STG5: Amb x 150” (I) SPC outside 6. LTG: Return to classroom & Rx activities Amb x150” (I) SPC outside Classroom & Rx activities Sit & drink Last Viewed Last Viewed Task Analysis Task Analysis Exit Concept Map Concept Map Click to progress program

18. Task/ Environmental Constraints Closed environment consistency Performer develops consistency of a single strategy Open environment multiple strategies Performer develops multiple strategies Closed environment consistency Performer develops consistency of a single strategy Open environment multiple strategies Performer develops multiple strategies Last Viewed Last Viewed Task Analysis Task Analysis Exit Concept Map Concept Map

19. Review Questions 1/5 Define and discuss open and closed environments In what type of performance environment is the performer free to start and stop their movement when ever they choose? In what type of performance environment is the performer free to start and stop their movement when ever they choose? Closed Closed Independent limb manipulation What neuroanatomical substrate supports the statement that adding limb manipulation (carrying a glass of water) to a transport task (walking) means the performer is solving two tasks simultaneously? What neuroanatomical substrate supports the statement that adding limb manipulation (carrying a glass of water) to a transport task (walking) means the performer is solving two tasks simultaneously? Ventromedial motor system is solving the transport task Ventromedial motor system is solving the transport task Dorsolateral motor system is solving the manipulation task Dorsolateral motor system is solving the manipulation task Define and discuss open and closed environments In what type of performance environment is the performer free to start and stop their movement when ever they choose? In what type of performance environment is the performer free to start and stop their movement when ever they choose? Closed Closed Independent limb manipulation What neuroanatomical substrate supports the statement that adding limb manipulation (carrying a glass of water) to a transport task (walking) means the performer is solving two tasks simultaneously? What neuroanatomical substrate supports the statement that adding limb manipulation (carrying a glass of water) to a transport task (walking) means the performer is solving two tasks simultaneously? Ventromedial motor system is solving the transport task Ventromedial motor system is solving the transport task Dorsolateral motor system is solving the manipulation task Dorsolateral motor system is solving the manipulation task Last Viewed Last Viewed Task Analysis Task Analysis Exit Concept Map Concept Map Click to reveal answer

20. Review Questions 2/5 Define and discuss intertrial variability In what cell of Gentile’s taxonomy do you classify a golfer switching from hitting with a driver to hitting with a putter? In what cell of Gentile’s taxonomy do you classify a golfer switching from hitting with a driver to hitting with a putter? Body stability in a closed environment with intertrial variability Body stability in a closed environment with intertrial variability In what cell of Gentile’s taxonomy do you classify teaching a patient to transfer from a w/c to a chair, the bed, and the toilet? In what cell of Gentile’s taxonomy do you classify teaching a patient to transfer from a w/c to a chair, the bed, and the toilet? Body transport in a closed environment with intertrial variability Body transport in a closed environment with intertrial variability Define and discuss intertrial variability In what cell of Gentile’s taxonomy do you classify a golfer switching from hitting with a driver to hitting with a putter? In what cell of Gentile’s taxonomy do you classify a golfer switching from hitting with a driver to hitting with a putter? Body stability in a closed environment with intertrial variability Body stability in a closed environment with intertrial variability In what cell of Gentile’s taxonomy do you classify teaching a patient to transfer from a w/c to a chair, the bed, and the toilet? In what cell of Gentile’s taxonomy do you classify teaching a patient to transfer from a w/c to a chair, the bed, and the toilet? Body transport in a closed environment with intertrial variability Body transport in a closed environment with intertrial variability Last Viewed Last Viewed Task Analysis Task Analysis Exit Concept Map Concept Map Click to reveal answer

21. Review Questions 3/5 Body stability and body transport What is the biomechanical goal for all tasks classified as body stability in either open or closed environments (with or without independent limb manipulation) What is the biomechanical goal for all tasks classified as body stability in either open or closed environments (with or without independent limb manipulation) Maintain the line of gravity within the base of support (weather or not the environment is moving and weather or not you are solving a separate motor problem with your limbs) Maintain the line of gravity within the base of support (weather or not the environment is moving and weather or not you are solving a separate motor problem with your limbs) Body stability and body transport What is the biomechanical goal for all tasks classified as body stability in either open or closed environments (with or without independent limb manipulation) What is the biomechanical goal for all tasks classified as body stability in either open or closed environments (with or without independent limb manipulation) Maintain the line of gravity within the base of support (weather or not the environment is moving and weather or not you are solving a separate motor problem with your limbs) Maintain the line of gravity within the base of support (weather or not the environment is moving and weather or not you are solving a separate motor problem with your limbs) Last Viewed Last Viewed Task Analysis Task Analysis Exit Concept Map Concept Map Click to reveal answer

22. Review Questions 4/5 Progress a treatment program using Gentile’s taxonomy Your pt is capable of (I) w/c  mat table. Using a clinical example, add intertrial variability to this task and keep it in the same cell in the taxonomy Your pt is capable of (I) w/c  mat table. Using a clinical example, add intertrial variability to this task and keep it in the same cell in the taxonomy w/c  bed,  chair,  toilet w/c  bed,  chair,  toilet Your pt is capable of (I) static balance in a closed environ. Using a clinical example, move this balance activity to an open environment. Your pt is capable of (I) static balance in a closed environ. Using a clinical example, move this balance activity to an open environment. Maintain static erect balance on 6” foam, rocker board, bapst board Maintain static erect balance on 6” foam, rocker board, bapst board Progress a treatment program using Gentile’s taxonomy Your pt is capable of (I) w/c  mat table. Using a clinical example, add intertrial variability to this task and keep it in the same cell in the taxonomy Your pt is capable of (I) w/c  mat table. Using a clinical example, add intertrial variability to this task and keep it in the same cell in the taxonomy w/c  bed,  chair,  toilet w/c  bed,  chair,  toilet Your pt is capable of (I) static balance in a closed environ. Using a clinical example, move this balance activity to an open environment. Your pt is capable of (I) static balance in a closed environ. Using a clinical example, move this balance activity to an open environment. Maintain static erect balance on 6” foam, rocker board, bapst board Maintain static erect balance on 6” foam, rocker board, bapst board Last Viewed Last Viewed Task Analysis Task Analysis Exit Concept Map Concept Map Click to reveal answer

23. Review Questions 5/5 D escribe how the performance environment determines if a performer uses one or multiple movement strategies In a closed environment, the performer develops an ideal solution to that problem and then applies the same solution every time they encounter the same problem in that environment (getting out of the same w/c) In a closed environment, the performer develops an ideal solution to that problem and then applies the same solution every time they encounter the same problem in that environment (getting out of the same w/c) In an open environment, regulatory stimuli are changing in time and space and require novel solutions for each set of regulatory stimuli (patient crossing a busy street) In an open environment, regulatory stimuli are changing in time and space and require novel solutions for each set of regulatory stimuli (patient crossing a busy street) D escribe how the performance environment determines if a performer uses one or multiple movement strategies In a closed environment, the performer develops an ideal solution to that problem and then applies the same solution every time they encounter the same problem in that environment (getting out of the same w/c) In a closed environment, the performer develops an ideal solution to that problem and then applies the same solution every time they encounter the same problem in that environment (getting out of the same w/c) In an open environment, regulatory stimuli are changing in time and space and require novel solutions for each set of regulatory stimuli (patient crossing a busy street) In an open environment, regulatory stimuli are changing in time and space and require novel solutions for each set of regulatory stimuli (patient crossing a busy street) Last Viewed Last Viewed Task Analysis Task Analysis Exit Concept Map Concept Map Click to reveal answer

24. The End © DM McKeough 2009 Last Viewed Last Viewed Task Analysis Task Analysis Concept Map Concept Map