1. Types and Uses of Fasteners
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2. Importance of Fasteners
They simplify the manufacture of machines and structures.
They reduce the need for large one piece parts.
It is normally easier to make less complex components and fasten them together
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Importance cont.
They simplify repair of structures and equipment.
Individual component parts can simply and quickly be separated for inspection, repair, or replacement.
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They Provide Safety
Use of fasteners tends to assure that once an assembly is fastened together it will hold together.
They can also be installed to provide additional support or they be a weak links. (Ex. Shear pins, drive shafts, & breakaway plowshares)
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5. B. General types of Fasteners
Bolts, nuts, and washers
Screws
Keys
Studs
Pins
Rings
Rivets
Adhesives
Nails
etc.
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6. Specific Types and uses of fasteners
Bolts: are threaded lengths of steel rod with heads on one end.
They are used with a nut at the other end and sometimes with a washer as well.
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7. American Standard Bolts Hexagon or Square Head
Most have a hexagonal head (6-sided). Older square bolts have a 4- sided head.
Without a nut they are called cap screws and are screwed into threaded holes.
Bolts are selected by strength rating, chemical or heat compatibility.
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Carriage Bolts
Most have a round head with a square neck, under the head.
Carriage bolts are used to fasten wood parts where a smooth finish is required.
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Bolts
Carriage bolt
Plow bolt
Cap Screw
Hex Bolt
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Plow Bolts
Counter sunk, square- neck carriage bolt.
These have a flat, tapered head that fit into countersunk holes.
Used when it is necessary for the head to lie flush with the surfaces of the part.
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Nuts:
Are flat, usually hexagonal shaped steel pieces with internally cut threads.
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12. Castellated & Slotted nuts
A. These are used when a cotter pin is placed through a hole in the bolt to secure the nit so it cannot come loose.
Ex: Wheel bearing spindles
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Nuts
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Self Locking nuts
A. Once tightened these nuts stay firmly in place.
B. They are commonly known as “elastic” or plastic insert nuts.
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Washers
A. Plain washers: (flat washers) are steel disks with a hole in the center.
B. They are used to reduce the stress under the bolt or nut.
C. They spread a clamping force from the bolt over a larger area to span slots and oversize holes in wood
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Washers
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Lock Washers
A. Helical spring washers are made of tough spring steel.
B. Normally installed under the nut or bolt.
C. They are used to prevent rotation of the nut.
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Nails
Nails are steel rods with a head on one end and usually pointed at the other end.
They are used primarily to join wood together.
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Nail size:
Generally given in terms of “penny”
“d” indicates the penny size
Nails are sold by the pound at most hardware stores.
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Penny Sizes
Number per pound
Penny
Length (In)
Common
Box
Finish 2d 3d 4d 8d
10d
16d
20d 1
1 ¼
1 ½ 2 3
3 ¼ 4
830
578
316
168
106 69 49
8010
635
473
236
145 84 71
13151
807
584
309
189
121 90
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Common Nail
This is a general all purpose construction nail suitable for framing structures.
It has a larger diameter than the same size box nail
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Common Nail
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Box Nail
Box Nail are used for end nailing and light household use.
The point is dulled to prevent splitting the wood
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Box Nails
                                                                                          
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Finish Nail
This is a nail with a small head with a dimple in the center to allow for countersinking with a nail set.
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Finish Nail
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Duplex Nails
A duplex nail has two heads on the shank
It is used to whenever a nail has to be removed.
Ex when assembling concrete forms
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Duplex Nail
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Roofing Nails
Used to secure shingles or roofing to the underlying structure
They are normally available with either a spiral or helix head shank for extra holding power.
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Roofing Nail
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Screws
Screws are threaded lengths of steel rod with heads on one end.
Screw heads may be slotted, cross slotted, square, or hexagonal.
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Types of screws
                                                   
                                                   
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33. (c) 2006 Texas Trade & Industrial Education
UNT in partnership with TEA, Copyright ©. All rights reserved. Building Trades: Fasteners
(c) 2006 Texas Trade & Industrial Education