1. GENETICS

2. Gregory MENDEL WHO? Father of Genetics = Pea Plants

4. Independent Assortment Genes that segregate independently, do NOT influence each other’s inheritance. Separate genes for separate traits are passed independently of one another from parents to offspring

5. Dominant vs. Recessive Traits

6. DominantRecessive

7. DominantRecessive

8. DominantRecessive

9. DominantRecessive

10. DominantRecessive

11. DominantRecessive

12. DominantRecessive

13. DominantRecessive

14. Some alleles are neither dominant nor recessive, and many traits are controlled by multiple alleles or multiples genes.

15. Incomplete Dominance Where one allele is not completely dominant over another. Heterozygous phenotype is somewhere in between the two homozygous phenotypes.

16. Codominance Both alleles contribute to the phenotype (physical characteristics). Both alleles are FULLY EXPRESSED.

17. Multiple Alleles Genes that have more than 2 alleles. More than 2 possible alleles exist in the population.

18. Polygenic Traits Traits controlled by two or more genes. Traits that are produced by the interaction of several genes.

19. The FOIL method is ONLY used when finding the gametes from parents with two traits. Use the FOIL method to find the gametes: (RrYy)

20. (R + r)(Y + y). F tells you to put the FIRST of the two traits’ alleles together. RY

21. (R + r)(Y + y). O tells you to put the OUTER alleles together. Ry

22. (R + r)(Y + y). I tells you to put the INNER alleles together. rY

23. (R + r)(Y + y). L tells you to put the LAST alleles together. ry

24. Remember, FOIL reminds you to match up the: F irst alleles O uter alleles I nner alleles L ast alleles