1. A Universal Design Approach for Providing Computer Access University of Washington Seattle Sheryl Burgstahler Terrill Thompson

2. 2 Access to IT is Important Because IT:  changes the way we live, work, learn, & communicate, & play  drives advances in other fields  powers the economy

3. Presentation Outline About our two Centers at UW Approaches to Access Assistive Technology Universal Design Approach Implications for Practice The UW Experience Resources

4. Access Technology Center (ATC)  Founded 1984  Funded by UW DO-IT Center  Founded1992  Supported with federal, state, corporate, private funds  Expanded to DO-IT Japan in 2007 Two UW Centers

5. DO-IT Center Disabilities, Opportunities, Internetworking, & Technology

6. DO-IT Goal: To increase the success of individuals with disabilities in postsecondary education & careers, using technology as an empowering tool.

7. DO-IT Addresses Challenges  diminished support systems after high school  little access to successful role models  inadequate self-advocacy skills  lack of or ineffective accommodations  low expectations on the part of people with whom they interact & …

8. …lack of access to technology that can increase: education careers family life community recreation independence productivity participation in

9. ensures computers, software & computing services are accessible to UW faculty, students & staff The Access Technology Center…

10.  Consults & trains on accessible design of IT  Hosts showroom of assistive technology (AT)  Consults & trains on hardware & software

11.  Integrates AT into campus computer labs

12. Ability on a Continuum see hear walk read print write with pen or pencil communicate verbally tune out distraction learn manage physical/mental health see hear walk read print write with pen or pencil communicate verbally tune out distraction learn manage physical/mental health

13. Evolution of access approaches: AttitudeAction ExclusionNone Allowed if you can fit inCure, Rehabilitation Accommodation Social justiceUniversal Design Accommodation

14. Accommodation = Alternate format, service, &/or adjustment for a specific individual

15. “Coffeepot for Masochists”, Catalog of Unfindable Objects by Jacques Carelman; in Donald Norman’s The Psychology of Everyday Things, 1988

16. Universal design = “the design of products & environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design.” The Center for Universal Design www.design.ncsu.edu/cud

17. How could you universally design a name tag?

18. an attitude that values diversity, equity, & inclusion.a goal.a process.practices that make educational products & environments welcoming, accessible, & usable for everyone. UD in education is:

19. Apply universal design to: Student services Instruction Technology Physical spaces… Student services Instruction Technology Physical spaces…

20. Problem Solution access to computers access to electronic resources access to computers access to electronic resources assistive technology (AT) universal design assistive technology (AT) universal design

21. Very Short History of AT: Rodney & the Apple II 6 years old No use of hands & legs Used Mouth wand Issue: Could not press 2 keys at once Solution: Engineering student build switch box to lock shift, control, repeat keys

22. Closing the Gap Resource Directory provides just a sample of:  342 hardware products  982 software products  112 other AT  251 producers of AT Now: Thousands of Products

23. 23 Jeanine Cook, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Electrical & Computer Engineering New Mexico State University

24. 24 Sang-Mook Lee, Ph.D. Geoscience Professor, Seoul National University sip & puff, head controls onscreen keyboard English speech input phone-computer interface

25. 25 Anthony Arnold AT Specialist Prentke Romich synthesized voice on communication device touch screen computer-based environmental control, phone access

26. 26 Kayla Brown UW student laptop computer miniature mouse speech recognition smart phone

27. 27 Jessie Shulman BA, Informatics Business Analyst Amazon.com speech output speech input grammar/spell checker

28. 28 Nicole Torcolini Bachelors Degree Computer Science Stanford Google speech output Braille translation software Braille display & printer

29. 29 Imke Durre, Ph.D. Climatologist National Weather Service speech output Braille translation software Braille display & printer speech input Morse code foot switch

30. 30 Christian Vogler, Ph. D. Computer Scientist Gallaudet University visual notifications for audio alerts captions sign language

31. AT may be part of the solution

32. Image: Many Stairs

33. Old School Technologies

34. Today: Technological Diversity

35. We All Have Choices

36. Today's Design Process Make no assumptions about users' needs or technologies Design and develop according to standards

37. A Very Brief History of the World Wide Web

38. Sir Tim Berners Lee Proposed the Web in March 1989 Demonstrated it in 1990 Wrote HTML in 1993 Founded the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 1994 Proposed the Web in March 1989 Demonstrated it in 1990 Wrote HTML in 1993 Founded the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 1994

39. HTML 1.2 Written by Tim Berners-Lee in a memo in June 1993 Introduced the tag Simultaneously introduced the ALT attribute for people who couldn't see the image Written by Tim Berners-Lee in a memo in June 1993 Introduced the tag Simultaneously introduced the ALT attribute for people who couldn't see the image

40. W3C Accessibility Standards Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 1.0 published in 1999 2.0 (the current version) published in 2008 Three levels of success criteria - 26 “Level A” success criteria – the most important - 13 “Level AA” success criteria – also important - 23 “Level AAA” success criteria – maximum accessibility Four principles (POUR): - Perceivable - Operable - Understandable - Robust Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 1.0 published in 1999 2.0 (the current version) published in 2008 Three levels of success criteria - 26 “Level A” success criteria – the most important - 13 “Level AA” success criteria – also important - 23 “Level AAA” success criteria – maximum accessibility Four principles (POUR): - Perceivable - Operable - Understandable - Robust

41. More W3C Accessibility Standards Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 User Agent Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) Defines new markup that communicates: Role (e.g., menu, slider, dialog, alert) State (e.g., is this hidden? Is it expanded?) Properties (e.g., what are the maximum and minimum values on a slider? What is the current value?) Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 User Agent Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) Defines new markup that communicates: Role (e.g., menu, slider, dialog, alert) State (e.g., is this hidden? Is it expanded?) Properties (e.g., what are the maximum and minimum values on a slider? What is the current value?)

42. IT Accessibility Standards & The Law Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act Passed in 1973; no IT accessibility standards Americans with Disabilities Act Passed in 1990; no IT accessibility standards Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act Amended in 1998 Requires IT accessibility of federal agencies IT accessibility standards published in 2001 Standards currently undergoing a "refresh" Latest draft (December 2011) adopted WCAG 2.0 at Level AA Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act Passed in 1973; no IT accessibility standards Americans with Disabilities Act Passed in 1990; no IT accessibility standards Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act Amended in 1998 Requires IT accessibility of federal agencies IT accessibility standards published in 2001 Standards currently undergoing a "refresh" Latest draft (December 2011) adopted WCAG 2.0 at Level AA

43. Proposed New ADA Rules July 2010 - U.S. Department of Justice proposed new rules that clarify ADA requirements related to web accessibility Jan 2011 – Public comment period ended In RFC DOJ was considering adopting WCAG 2.0 at Level AA More news – maybe rules – expected in July 2013? July 2010 - U.S. Department of Justice proposed new rules that clarify ADA requirements related to web accessibility Jan 2011 – Public comment period ended In RFC DOJ was considering adopting WCAG 2.0 at Level AA More news – maybe rules – expected in July 2013?

44. The law requires that we include everyone 1 but… 1 “qualified individuals”

45. Why wouldn't we do that anyway?

46. Including everyone benefits our course, our institution, and our world…

47. What are higher education institutions doing to promote IT accessibility?  Developing accessibility policies 26.1% of Doctorate institutions have policies that address web or IT accessibility (8.4% of all U.S. institutions)  Offering trainings, providing support resources, building community  Approximately 100 institutions have over 1000 results when searching their website for "web accessibility"  Building accessibility requirements into RFPs and contracts  We're dependent on IT vendors for accessibility  If we don't all demand accessibility, they can't hear us  Developing accessibility policies 26.1% of Doctorate institutions have policies that address web or IT accessibility (8.4% of all U.S. institutions)  Offering trainings, providing support resources, building community  Approximately 100 institutions have over 1000 results when searching their website for "web accessibility"  Building accessibility requirements into RFPs and contracts  We're dependent on IT vendors for accessibility  If we don't all demand accessibility, they can't hear us

48. Universal Design & Video: Closed Captions  Captions make video accessible to the Deaf and Hard of Hearing  Captions help ESL viewers  Captions can be translated on-the-fly into other languages  Captions are searchable  Captions make video accessible to the Deaf and Hard of Hearing  Captions help ESL viewers  Captions can be translated on-the-fly into other languages  Captions are searchable

49. Universal Design & The iPhone  Speech output  Speech input  Screen/text enlargement  Variable colors/contrast  Audible, visible, vibrating alerts  Assignable ringtones  Bluetooth connectivity for keyboard, refreshable Braille display, …  Accessibility built-in for most apps  Speech output  Speech input  Screen/text enlargement  Variable colors/contrast  Audible, visible, vibrating alerts  Assignable ringtones  Bluetooth connectivity for keyboard, refreshable Braille display, …  Accessibility built-in for most apps

50. Universal Design & Video: Interactive Transcript Provides access to video for:  Braille users (Deaf/blind)  People with low Internet bandwidth  People who want information quickly Provides access to video for:  Braille users (Deaf/blind)  People with low Internet bandwidth  People who want information quickly

51. Share Your Stories What are you doing on your campus that exemplifies a Universal Design approach to technology access?

52. The UW Experience Reporting structures & roles of  Access Technology Center,  Learning Technologies &  Disability Resources for Students Reporting structures & roles of  Access Technology Center,  Learning Technologies &  Disability Resources for Students

53. The UW Experience IT Accessibility Task Force with representation from:  UW External Affairs  UW-IT  Disability Resources for Students  Office of Risk Management IT Accessibility Task Force with representation from:  UW External Affairs  UW-IT  Disability Resources for Students  Office of Risk Management

54. The UW Experience IT Accessibility Task Force focused on three areas:  Enhancement of online UW-IT  Promote accessible IT  Explore policies/processes IT Accessibility Task Force focused on three areas:  Enhancement of online UW-IT  Promote accessible IT  Explore policies/processes

55. The UW Experience IT Accessibility Task Force accomplishments of members:  Collaborated to create accessible WordPress and Drupal Templates/Themes  Updated content/organization of IT Accessibility website & added videos  Video captioning RFP  Risk assessment report developed  UW Marketing helping to promote accessibility  Continuing to work together IT Accessibility Task Force accomplishments of members:  Collaborated to create accessible WordPress and Drupal Templates/Themes  Updated content/organization of IT Accessibility website & added videos  Video captioning RFP  Risk assessment report developed  UW Marketing helping to promote accessibility  Continuing to work together

56. Resources  IT Accessibility Website www.uw.edu/accessibility www.uw.edu/accessibility  DO-IT Video www.uw.edu/doit/video www.uw.edu/doit/video  Center on Universal Design in Education www.uw.edu/doit/CUDE www.uw.edu/doit/CUDE  IT Accessibility Website www.uw.edu/accessibility www.uw.edu/accessibility  DO-IT Video www.uw.edu/doit/video www.uw.edu/doit/video  Center on Universal Design in Education www.uw.edu/doit/CUDE www.uw.edu/doit/CUDE

57. Questions?