1. By Melissa Cross

2.  Usually no doctors, instead a midwife  Relatively public, but no males  Father-Baby tradition (laid at feet)  Eight Days of Religious Ceremonies  Dies lustricus – naming  Crepundia (child’s playthings) & Bulla (locket)  Birth registration within 30 days  Pater Familias

3.  1st – Crepundia  2 nd – Rag, clay, or wax dolls  3rd – Ivory Letters  4th – Board games/Pebbles  5th – Equivalent of « Blind Man’s Bluff », « Hide and Seek », « Seesaw » and « Jackstones »  Pets = Dogs/Cats

4. Jackstones Blind Man’s Bluff Crepundia Bulla

5.  Men vs. Women  Upper-class vs. Middle-class vs. Lower-class  Moral rather than Intellectual  Revere Gods, respect the law, do not question/disobey authority, be truthful, be self-reliant  First seven years taught by mother  Pietas (devotion to duty)  Not legally required

6.  7+ boys taught by father – learning by example  Privately tutored (often by Greek slave)  Grammaticus: Writing & Speaking & Poetry (up to 15 years old)  Rhetoric: Very few (orators); lawyer/politician; public speaking, geography, music, etc.; most likely done through tutors  Two branches of Rhetoric: Judicial oratory (i.e. political career) & Deliberative branch (Roman Senate)  Philosophy

7.  Primary (public) school - ludus litterarius  Requirements of every day life, reading, and writing  Father taught to read and write (if he could) and explained Roman law, history, customs & pushed physical training  Parents, not slaves

8.  Spin, weave, & sew  Some left to school but not above primary education

9.  March 24th  Sunrise – Siesta – Daybreak  Method from Greeks  Force  Wooden tablets with wax; pebbles for math; papyrus scrolls; stylus;  Reading, writing, & counting  Not free

10. Styli Wooden tablet Roman Classroom

11.  Trusted male slave  « Child leader »  Older  Constantly monitored youth behavior  Corporal punishment  Ideally spoke proper Greek

12.  Boy lays bulla & toga before Lares  Sacrifice offered  Bulla hung up  Dressed in white tunic  Son of senator – two wide crimson stripes; Son of knight – two narrow  Toga Virilis  Public ceremony (at Forum)  Name added to list of citizens  Feast

13. Toga Virilis Lares (Pompeii)

14.  Coming of age ceremony  Schools/Education  Toys

15.  http://www.classicsunveiled.com/romel/html/romechildren.html http://www.classicsunveiled.com/romel/html/romechildren.html  http://libary.thinkquest.org/26602/society.htm http://libary.thinkquest.org/26602/society.htm  http://www.crystalinks.com/romeducation.html http://www.crystalinks.com/romeducation.html  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Ancient_Rome http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Ancient_Rome  Ancient Rome In So Many Words by Christopher Francese  http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/augustusaltar.jpg http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/augustusaltar.jpg  http://www.quia.com/jg/1856016list.html http://www.quia.com/jg/1856016list.html  http://goodnewsaday.wordpress.com/2011/04/11/23-most-influential- toys-of-all-generations/ http://goodnewsaday.wordpress.com/2011/04/11/23-most-influential- toys-of-all-generations/  http://www.etsy.com/listing/80490727/roman-reproduction-ceramic-rattle http://www.etsy.com/listing/80490727/roman-reproduction-ceramic-rattle  http://www.mystudios.com/artgallery/A/Andre-Castaigne/Blind-Man's- Buff.html http://www.mystudios.com/artgallery/A/Andre-Castaigne/Blind-Man's- Buff.html  http://library.thinkquest.org/J002606/AncientRome.html http://library.thinkquest.org/J002606/AncientRome.html