1. primary source
First person account by someone who actually saw or lived through the event.
Examples: diaries, journals, photographs, eyewitness reports, letters, and autobiographies

2. Which is a Primary source for evidence that Columbus sailed to find a new route to the Indies in 1492?
A painting showing Columbus landing in the New World
A letter from the current ambassador from Spain describing the voyage
A television show about the explorations of Columbus
A diary entry written by a crew member aboard Columbus’ ship
Answer: D. A diary entry written by a crew member aboard Columbus’ ship

3. Which source would provide an archaeologist with a primary source of information about Pre-Columbian Indians who settled in North America?
A social studies textbook
Artifacts left by Indians
An interview with a historian who specializes in early American cultures
An article about the Indians in an encyclopedia
Answer: B. Artifacts left by Indians

4. culture
A way of life of a group of people who share similar beliefs and customs

5. What term best describes the study of a nation’s ideas, customs, and values?
Politics
Economics
Culture
Science
Answer: C. Culture

6. Culture may best be defined as
The care and protection of natural resources
The complete natural surroundings of a civilization
The interaction and relationship between different civilizations
The customs, traditions, and whole way of life of a people
Answer: D. The customs, traditions, and whole way of life of a people

7. What is the main reason why we study other cultures?
To better understand people and how they live
To learn about other nations so we can better defend our own
To learn how to make other nations more like our own
To develop markets for American products
Answer: A. To better understand people and how they live

8. Iroquois Eastern Woodlands region- (New York State)
People of the long house
formed political system that made them unique- for unity and peace (SCOOM)

9. Which of the following did the Iroquois lack?
Written alphabets
A system of trade
A system of traditions
Formal educational systems
Answer: A. Written alphabets

10. In an Iroquois culture, which of the following is an accurate statement about family life?
Men are assigned the most unpleasant household tasks
A bride moves in with her husband’s family
A child is given his mother’s family name
Family leadership falls to the oldest male
Answer: C. A child is given his mother’s family name

11. longitude
Distance east or west of the Prime Meridian

12. What do lines of longitude measure?
Relative location of places
Elevation
Distances east and west from the Prime Meridian
Distances north and south from the Equator
Answer: C. Distances east and west from the Prime Meridian

13. The time at any location is dependent upon the
Latitude of the location
Climate of the location
Longitude of the location
Earth’s revolution on its axis
Answer: C. Longitude of the location

14. What would a person use to determine if they were east or west of the Prime Meridian?
Longitude
Latitude
A compass
A sundial
Answer: A. Longitude

15. latitude
Distance north or south of the Equator

16. What do lines of latitude measure?
Relative location of places
Elevation
Distances east and west from the Prime Meridian
Distances north and south from the Equator
Answer: D. Distances north and south from the Equator

17. What are the imaginary lines that measure distance north and south of the Equator called?
Lines of longitude
Lines of latitude
Meridians
Degrees
Answer: B. Lines of latitude

18. What geographic units of measurement should be used to find the exact location of any place on the Earth?
Longitude and the time
Longitude and latitude
Distance from the Equator and the season
Distances from the Prime Meridian and the Equator.
Answer: B. Latitude and longitude

19. What is the purpose of longitude and latitude?
To show relative distance
To compare vegetation zones
To divide the world into regions
To determine exact locations
Answer: D. To determine exact locations

20. Which of the following would you use to find the exact location of a place?
Latitude and longitude
A map
The Prime Meridian
The Equator
Answer: A. Latitude and longitude

21. map scale
A measuring line that helps you determine distance on a map

22. What is the purpose of the map scale?
To show different land areas
To show latitude and longitude
To show distances in miles or kilometers
To show the Tropic of Capricorn and the Prime Meridian
Answer: C. To show distances in miles or kilometers

23. Which part of the map helps you to read distances?
Relief
Scale
Elevation
Directional arrow
Answer: B. Scale

24. Inca
Largest of the early American civilizations which was located in South America
Religious ceremonies
Built Machu Picchu

25. The Incas believed that their emperor was a descendent of what god?
Sun god
Moon god
Star good
Pyramid god
Answer: A. Sun god

26. Where was Incan civilization located?
Central Mexico
South America
Southern Mexico
Guatemala
Answer: B. South America

27. What was the capital city of the Incan empire, nicked named the “golden city”?
Cuzco
Lima
Machu Picchu
Tenochtitlan
Answer: A. Cuzco

28. For what purpose did the Incas carve terraces into the steep mountainsides?
To create plateaus on which to farm
To provide protection from invasion
To make the mountain easier to climb
To create locations closer to the Sun on which to worship their god
Answer: A. To create plateaus on which to farm

29. Aztec
A great civilization that was a military empire that was located in Central and Southern Mexico
Built one of the greatest cities in the world Tenochtitlan

30. Where was the Aztec civilization located?
Central Mexico
Southern Mexico
Western Coast of South America
Guatemala
Answer: A. Central Mexico

31. What was the capital city of the Aztec empire?
Cuzco
Tenochtitlan
Tikal
Machu Picchu
Answer: B. Tenochtitlan

32. Which of the following was not an achievement of the Aztec civilization?
Astronomy
man-made waterways
The calendar
The compass
Answer: D. The compass

33. Which of the following was an agricultural technique used by the Aztec?
Floating gardens
Cold storage
Mountain terraces
Crop rotation
Answer: A. Floating gardens

34. According to their religion, the Aztecs believed that the successful journey of the sun across the sky required
Bartering
Strong winds
Human sacrifice
Taxation of people
Answer: C. Human sacrifice

35. Which native peoples were conquered by Cortes and his conquistadors?
Incas
Mayan
Aztecs
Iroquois
Answer: C. Aztecs

36. Maya
An ancient civilization that once lived in Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras
Ruled by religious leaders
Created the 365 day calendar
System of trade
Form of writing

37. Where was the Mayan civilization located?
Southern Mexico and Guatemala
Central Mexico
Peru
Western Coast of South America
Answer: A. Southern Mexico and Guatemala

38. In which of the following types of environments did the Mayan civilization flourish?
Desert
Mountains
Rainforest
Plains
Answer: C. Rainforest

39. Which of the following was the main crop of the Mayan civilization?
Coconuts
Corn
Wheat
Sugar
Answer: B. Corn

40. Which of the following was an achievement of the Mayan civilization?
The ruler
The compass
The calendar
The pistol
Answer: C. The calendar

41. Which of the following was not an achievement of the Mayan civilization?
The ruler
The calendar
A system of hieroglyphics
An advanced number system
Answer: A. The ruler

42. Iroquois Confederacy
A powerful group of Native Americans in the eastern part of the United States made up of five nations: Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, and Oneida.
Promoted peace

43. Why was the Iroquois Confederacy formed?
To establish peace between the five tribes
to create a system of free trade
To establish common rules and regulations for all tribes
To establish treaties with white colonial government
Answer: A. To establish peace between the five tribes

44. What was the sixth nation to join the Iroquois Confederacy?
Tuscaroras
Onondagas
Hurons
Algonkians
Answer: A. Tuscaroras

45. An important accomplishment of the Iroquois Confederacy was the
Adoption of a two-house legislation
Establishment of a political union of member nations
Selection of a women to be chief
Development of a trading partnership with the Algonuins
Answer: B. Establishment of a political union of member nations

46. matrilineal
A society that traces its ancestors through the mothers side of the family
Child is given the mothers family name
the women held power and made decisions for the people.
Chose and elected and removed chiefs
Owned houses

47. What term refers to a society which traces its ancestors through the female line?
Extended
Matrilineal
Traditional
Patrilineal
Answer: B. Matrilineal

48. Columbian Exchange
Exchange of goods, ideas, and people between Europe and the Americas

49. How did the Columbian Exchange negatively affect Native Americans?
Many south American natives were sent to Europe as slaves
It decreased trade between Europe and the Americas
Many South American Native tribes moved to Canada
It introduces many new deadly diseases.
Answer: D. It introduces many new deadly diseases.

50. What is the Columbian Exchange?
The sharing of goods between the European and South American cultures
The switching of gold coins for paper currency
The huge migration of Europeans to the Americas
The purchasing of land from Native Americans by Europeans
Answer: A. The sharing of goods between the European and South American cultures

51. result of Columbus discoveries
European nations were encouraged to explore the Americas
The development of colonial empires

52. Which of the following was a result of Christopher Columbus’s voyage to the Americas?
People began moving from South America to Europe
European nations were encouraged to explore the Americas
European powers lost interest in trade with the Orient
Asians began to trade with Native Americans
Answer: B. European nations were encouraged to explore the Americas

53. What was a result of the European discoveries of new lands in America and the far East?
France became a world power
The development of colonial empires
An all-water trade route from the West
The explorations of Lewis and Clark
Answer: B. The development of colonial empires