1. Future airport turnaround ground handling processes
Sicco Santema, Roeland Huijser, Robbin Stals.
15 th of October 2008 TRAIL

2. Table of Content Research question Research method Scope Analysis
Concepts
Conclusion & Recommendations
Future airport turnaround ground handling processes

3. Research Question
Turnaround time reduction and a more reliable ground handling process by a new ground handling concept
Narrow body
“What are the infrastructural and operational narrow body ground handling concept specifications, based on the current KLM Boeing ground handling turnaround process at AAS, such that in 95% of the turnarounds a turnaround time of 25 minutes is realized and the overall turnaround process reliability is improved?”
Wide body
“What are the infrastructural and operational wide-body ground handling concept specifications, based on the current KLM B Combi ground handling turnaround process at AAS, such that in 95% of the turnarounds a turnaround time of 45 minutes is realized and the overall turnaround process reliability is improved?”
Future airport turnaround ground handling processes
|Research question | Scope | Analysis | Concepts | Conclusions & recommendations |

4. Research method Theory of Constraints Critical path analysis
Group Decision Room Session
Mapping the turnaround processes
Future airport turnaround ground handling processes 4 4

5. Scope B747-400 Combi / B737-800 Regulations Current configuration
Future airport turnaround ground handling processes
B Combi / B
Current configuration
KLM service level
Regulations
Stakeholders
Network
|Research question | Scope | Analysis | Concepts | Conclusions & recommendations |

6. Process map Future airport turnaround ground handling processes
|Research question | Scope | Analysis | Concepts| Conclusions & recommendations |

7. Paths process map Future airport turnaround ground handling processes
|Research question | Scope | Analysis | Concepts| Conclusions & recommendations |

8. Data activity durations+
Future airport turnaround ground handling processes
Archival data
Video measurements
|Research question | Scope | Analysis | Concepts | Conclusions & recommendations |

9. Critical path Future airport turnaround ground handling processesB
Average
69 minutes
95%
86 minutes
Critical path
Catering
B Combi
Average
144 minutes
95%
186 minutes
Critical path
Cleaning
|Research question | Scope | Analysis | Concepts | Conclusions & recommendations |

10. Concept specifications (B737)
Activity
Specifications
Current mean
[min]
New mean
Deboarding
- Use aircraft left front and left aft door.
7,66
4,83
Boarding
16,3
10,3
Catering
- Parallel catering of front and aft galley
- Extra resources (equipment/manpower)
26,7
16,4
Cabin cleaning
- Extra manpower (twice as much)
23,4
11,7
Cabin check &
cabin security check
- Cabin security check by cabin crew
13,6
6,60
Unloading
- Continuous and smooth supply of baggage / freight
- Tail tipping prevention
19,7
16,1
Loading
33,7
17,8
Fuel service
- Fixed fuel system at the ramp
- Digital communication system for sending fuel note
- Connecting bonding cable together with placing
wheel chocks
22,2
15,2
Future airport turnaround ground handling processes
|Research question | Scope | Analysis | Concepts | Conclusions & recommendations |

11. Concept specifications (B737)
Activity
Process map specifications
Current starting point
New starting point
Catering
-Put up a partition
in galleys
After deboarding
5,5 minutes earlier
Cabin check &
cabin security check
-Cabin check and
security check in parallel
After cabin security
check
At same time cabin security
Check (10,5 minutes earlier)
Fuel service
-Passenger bridge
/ boarding stairs
When passenger bridges /
boarding stairs are placed at
both doors
Future airport turnaround ground handling processes
|Research question | Scope | Analysis | Concepts | Conclusions & recommendations |

12. Concept specifications (B747)
Future airport turnaround ground handling processes
|Research question | Scope | Analysis | Concepts | Conclusions & recommendations |

13. Concepts Environment Security Safety Flexibility
Future airport turnaround ground handling processes
Safety
Flexibility
|Research question | Scope | Analysis | Concepts | Conclusions & recommendations |

14. Concept (B747) Period 2009 – 2014 Mean: 120 minutes
Future airport turnaround ground handling processes
Mean: 120 minutes
Turnaround time: 158 minutes
|Research question | Scope | Analysis | Concepts | Conclusions & recommendations |

15. Concept (B737) One extra catering truck, one extra catering employee
Period 2009 – 2014
One extra catering truck, one extra catering employee
Four extra cabin cleaners
Combining cabin security check and cabin check
A partition in the galleys
Fixed wall energy
Future airport turnaround ground handling processes
Mean: 55 minutes
Turnaround time: 68 minutes
|Research question | Scope | Analysis | Concepts | Conclusions & recommendations |

16. New distribution Future airport turnaround ground handling processes
|Research question | Scope | Analysis | Concepts | Conclusions & recommendations |

17. Turnaround time reduction
Future airport turnaround ground handling processes
|Research question | Scope | Analysis | Concepts | Conclusions & recommendations |

18. Advantages narrow-body concept
Possible advantages new concept KLM:
Direct cost decrease due to increase in aircraft utilization
(more “up-time”)
Extra flight(s) or less aircraft needed
Connectivity improvement (shorter minimum connecting time)
Interchangeable narrow body fleet
Punctuality improvement
Environment, safety, security, labour conditions, flexibility
Possible advantages new concept AAS
Increase in gate capacity
Future airport turnaround ground handling processes
|Research question | Scope | Analysis | Concepts | Conclusions & recommendations |

19. Conclusions (wide-body)
The goal of 45 minutes turnaround time is not achieved
 reduction from 186 min to 116 min
Cabin process determines still the critical path  activity catering
Reduction in turnaround time is not the motive for automation
 security, environment, safety, flexibility
Future airport turnaround ground handling processes
|Research question | Scope | Analysis | Concepts | Conclusions & recommendations |

20. Conclusions (narrow-body)
The goal of 25 minutes turnaround time is not achieved
 reduction from 86 min to 50 min
Critical path is in the cabin: cabin cleaning
The requirements can be approached more when the business model would “ partly” change to from networked to “Point to Point -low-cost”
Future airport turnaround ground handling processes
|Research question | Scope | Analysis | Concepts | Conclusions & recommendations |

21. Future airport Future airport turnaround ground handling processes 21
|Research question | Scope | Analysis | Concepts | Conclusions & recommendations | 21

22. Recommendations Continue the cooperation between KLM & Schiphol
Further research to get more insight in variance of the involved activities  e.g. Lean theory
Investigate other aircraft types  e.g. B ER, A320
Investigate investments for design options  e.g. co-innovation
Future airport turnaround ground handling processes
|Research question | Scope | Analysis | Concepts | Conclusions & recommendations |