1. Transporting Molecules

2. CELL MEMBRANE (also called plasma membrane) Cell membranes are made of ________________ & __________________ PHOSPHOLIPIDS PROTEINS

3. CELL MEMBRANE Proteins that stick on the surface = PERIPHERAL (either inside or outside of cell) Proteins that stick INTO membrane = INTEGRAL (can go part way in or all the way through)

4. Recognize “self” GLYCOPROTEINS GLYCOPROTEINS are INTEGRAL PROTEINS

5. SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE (semi-permeable)

6. Diffusion http://lhs.lps.org/staff/sputnam/Biology/U3Cell/diffusion_1.png

7. Molecules move from “where there’s A LOT” to “where there’s NOT” Animatioin from: http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/diffusion-animated.gif

8. DIFFUSION across a space Happens anytime there is a __________ in concentration in one place compared to another (________________________) DIFFERENCE = Concentration gradient

9. DIFFUSION across a space Molecules move automatically from an area of _______ concentration to an area of ________ concentration EX: _____________________ _____________________ Higher Lower Perfume, Koolaid, popcorn, BBQ, Bad smell in room http://www.swapmeetdave.com/Humor/Farts.htmhttp://leighhouse.typepad.com/blog/images/kool_aid.jpg

10. Molecules need to move across membranes in cells Image modiified from: http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/importProt.html

11. Diffusion can happen across a membrane in a cell …as long as membrane will let molecule through

12. SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE

13. happens by DIFFUSION from HIGHER concentration to LOWER concentration Image modified from: http://www.medaille.edu/vmacer/120_graphic_05oxygen.gif Gas exchange between lungs and blood

14. What if cell needs to move large or polar molecules? EX: Glucose Amino acids

15. What if cell needs to move a molecule AGAINST the CONCENTRATION GRADIENT? Example : Glucose into mitochondria (LOW  HIGH) Image from: http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpg

16. What if cell needs to move molecules really FAST? (can’t wait for it to diffuse) Example in cells: Movement of ______________ ions sends nerve signals http://www.steve.gb.com/images/science/neuron.png Na + & K +

17. 2 KINDS of TRANSPORT across cell membranes ____________TRANSPORT Does NOT require energy ___________TRANSPORT Requires energy PASSIVE ACTIVE

18. Kidspiration by: Riedell

19. Kinds of Passive Transport Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion Ion Channels __________________________________ ___________________________________

20. DIFFUSION across a membrane Happens anytime there is a __________ in concentration on one side of the membrane compared to the other DIFFERENCE Molecules that move by diffusion across membranes in cells: ______________ OXYGEN CARBON DIOXIDE http://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm

21. OSMOSIS MOVES WATER MOLECULES Across a MEMBRANE From HIGHER  LOWER = SPECIAL KIND OF DIFFUSION http://www.Isbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.html

22. DIFFUSION or OSMOSIS HIGHER  LOWER DIFFUSION Can happen with or without a membrane Molecules that do it: All molecules EXCEPT water Goes until equilibrium Example in cells: Oxygen & Carbon dioxide OSMOSIS Happens across a membrane Molecules that do it: Water Goes until equilibrium Example in cells: Water

23. What if there is a difference in concentration but solute molecules can’t move across a membrane? WATER will move until concentration reaches equilibrium

24. http://www.sidwell.edu/us/science/vlb6/labs/a_osmosis.gif Osmosis1

25. Kinds of Passive Transport Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion Ion Channels __________________________________ ___________________________________

26. Facilitated Diffusion Carrier proteins help diffusion go faster

27. FACILITATED DIFFUSION Passive = ____________________ Moves from ________________________ _____________________ bind molecule, change shape, and release it on other side of membrane (Carrier proteins are _______________ proteins) Molecules that move this way in cells: _______________________ NO energy required Carrier Proteins Integral GLUCOSE HIGH  LOW

28. Facilitated Diffusion Animation from: http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/facdifan.gif

29. Kinds of Passive Transport Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion Ion Channels __________________________________ ___________________________________

30. ION CHANNEL

31. ION CHANNELS _____________transport (no energy required) Molecules move from ___________________ Small passageways for _______ to get through membrane Each ion has own kind of passageway Examples in cells: Na +, Cl -, Ca + +, K + PASSIVE HIGH  LOW IONS

32. ION CHANNELS Some channels always open Some channels have “gates” that open or close in response to signals Animation from: http://www2.uic.edu/~myilma1/ionchannel.gif SIGNALS: stretching of cell membrane electrical signals chemicals

33. Kidspiration by: Riedell

34. Kinds of Active Transport Sodium-Potassium Pump Endocytosis Exocytosis ________________________________________ ___________________________________ ____________________________________

35. SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP ___________ transport (requires energy from ______) Special just for Na + and K + ions Uses integral ___________________ to move molecules Examples in nerve cells: Na + is pumped out of cells at same time K + is taken into cells ACTIVE Carrier Proteins ATP

36. Na + and K + PUMP Animation from: http://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm

37. ENDOCYTOSIS Takes substances into cell _____________transport (requires energy from ATP) Uses small membrane sacs to carry substances ______________ ACTIVE = VESICLES http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/cell.html

38. 2 KINDS of ENDOCYTOSIS Takes substances into cell If taking in: fluid, molecules = ____________________ large particles or whole cells = __________________ Examples in cells: –one celled organisms eat this way –white blood cells get rid of bacteria this way PINOCYTOSIS PHAGOCYTOSIS

39. ENDOCYTOSIS Animation from: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html

40. PHAGOCYTOSIS White blood cell destroying germs

41. EXOCYTOSIS Substances released outside of cell __________ transport (requires energy) Substances move in____________ Examples in cells: –Golgi release packaged proteins ACTIVE VESICLES

42. Exocytosis http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBooktransp.html

43. GOLGI BODIES USE EXOCYTOSIS Animation from: http://www.franklincollege.edu/bioweb/A&Pfiles/week04.html

44. Endocytosis & Exocytosis http://grossmont.gcccd.cc.ca.us/cmilgrim/Bio120/Outline/ Outline2.gif/TransportMedia/EndoExocytosisMovie.htm