1. Fresh Water

2. Only 3% of the water on earth is fresh water: –Hydrologic cycle –Shortages do occur –Groundwater supplies can be exhausted Pollution of fresh water a growing concern –Major transporter of diseases, cholera, intestinal and other water borne diseases

3. Use of Fresh Water We require about 80 liters a day per capita consumption varies… have and have nots

4. Problems As global warming accelerates, evaporation from fresh water and ground water surfaces will increase Areas will increase with water deficits –Marginal areas ; desertification –Irrigation needs

5. Fresh Water Sources Lakes ;stored water such as reservoirs Rivers: dams groundwater Advantages of these sources: renewal Disadvantages of these sources: pollution

6. Water Transfer, Storage and Conservation Interbasin transfer: canals, dams Groundwater ; Ogallala aquifer, US Problems: –Reduce volume in river perhaps leads to increase temperatures, reduce wetland habitat impact on birds and fish –Examples: James Bay, Bennett Dam, Hoover Dam, Aswan Damm

7. Solving the Problem Conservation: –Domestic –Agriculture – drip irrigation, mulching, crop planting to reduce run –off and evaporation

8. Fresh Water Pollution Septic tanks Storm drains Landfills Mine-tailings (acid wash drainage) local ex. Britannia Mines

9. http://geopanorama.rncan.gc.ca/vancouver/sea_e.php?p=1

10. Great Lakes Dug out thousands of years ago by glacial action Resemble oceans, contain a large percentage of Canadas fresh water –Decline in water levels –Increase evaporation rates due to climate change (parts of lakes dont freeze) –Industrial, urban, agricultural needs are greater than before (are greater than the watersheds cycle of replenishment)

16. Waterways in Peril Pollution –Enclosed water system (not flush readily) –Eutrophication –Accumulation of chemicals in the food chain –Industrial, urban, agriculture pollutants –Clean up difficult: International: need cooperation Lake bottom accumulation a problem Treating sewage Shipping m; foreign species Concentration of industrial activity Nimby syndrome

17. Solutions Great Lakes –Line pits –Dispose of waste correctly –Upgrade sewage plants –Industry must comply (reduce acid rain) –Reduce agriculture pesticides (find safe alternatives) –Use incinerators to burn waste

18. Solutions for Fresh Water Recycle programs: reduce garbage bound for landfill sites Recycle engine oil, paint No use of chemicals Compost bin Smart shopper Share knowledge Use biodegradable soap