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Principles of Agriculture Principles of Agriculture Recognizing The Role Of Agriculture In Society
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Lesson Lesson Determining The History Of Agriculture
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Student Learning Objectives u Define agriculture and the agriculture industry u Identify important historical developments in agriculture u Explain major technological developments in agriculture
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Terms u Agriculture industry u Agriculture u Agribusiness u Aquaculture u Biotechnology u Domestication u Farming u Forestry u Inventions u Natural Resources
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Terms (continued) u Ornamental Horticulture u Suburban Farming u Technology
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Objective One Define Agriculture and The Agriculture Industry
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What is Agriculture? u Agriculture is the science of growing crops and raising animals to meet the needs of humans
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What is the Ag Industry? u Involves all activities involved with providing people with food, clothing, and shelter u Includes farm operations, and u Nonfarm operations u Largest industry in America
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What are Farming Operations? u Uses land and other resources to grow crops and raise animals u Includes conventional farming, suburban farming, aquaculture, and forestry
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Conventional Farming u Larger acreage of land growing typical grains of corn, soybeans, wheat, and other similar crops u Producing larger numbers of animals like swine, beef and dairy cattle, and sheep
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Suburban Farming u Normally involves smaller areas of land u Normally found in residential or business locations u Typical products would include vegetable crops and small animals
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Aquaculture u “Farming the Water” u Involves raising fish or similar aquatic animals u Also includes producing aquatic plants like water cress or water chestnuts
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Forestry u Involves the production and use of trees
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What are Nonfarm Operations? u Normally referred to as Agribusiness u Agribusiness is nonfarm work in areas such as ag supplies, services, marketing, and product processing
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Agriculture Also Makes the Lives of People Better u Ornamental Horticulture produces flowers and plants for their beauty u Natural Resources involve working with things found in nature like soil, water, and air
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Objective Two Identify Important Historical Developments in Agriculture
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Two Important Groups of People That Affected Early Agriculture u Native Americans u Colonists
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Native Americans u Includes Indians, Hawaiians, and Eskimos u Hunting and gathering met their food and fiber needs u Indians first began simple farming u By 1000 AD, corn is being grown in large plots
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Colonists u Learned many successful ag practices from Native Americans u Credited with early domestication of animals, which is the taming, confinement, and breeding of animals for human use
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Objective Three u Explain major technological developments in agriculture
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What is Technology? u Technology is the application of knowledge to practical use u Uses inventions (new devices, products, or ways of doing work) for easier work and better living
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History of American Agriculture 1776-1990 Farm Machinery and Technology
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18th Century u Oxen and Horses used for power u Crude wooden plows u Sowing and cultivating by hand u Harvested grain with sickle u Threshing grain with flail
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1776 To 1799 u Cradle and scythe introduced u 1793--Cotton Gin invented u 1794--Thomas Jefferson’s moldboard of least resistance tested u 1797--Charles Newbold patented first cast iron plow u Charles Townsend develops crop rotation systems
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1800 To 1830 u 1819--Jethro Wood patented iron plow with interchangeable parts u US food canning industry was established u Gregor Mendel discovers basic principles of heredity
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1830’s u 250 hours needed to produce 100 bushels (five acres) of wheat u 1834--McCormick Reaper patented u 1837--John Deere began making steel plows u 1837--Practical Threshing machine patented
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1840’s u 1841--Practical grain drill patented u 1842--First grain elevator in Buffalo, New York u 1844--Practical mower patented u 1847--Irrigation begun in Utah u 1849--Mixed chemical fertilizers sold commercially
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1850’s u 75 hours needed to produce 100 bushels (2.5 acres) of wheat u 1854--Self-governing windmill perfected u 1856--2 horse straddle-row cultivator patented
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1860’s u Use of horses keys first American ag revolution u Gang and sulky plows came into use u 1868--Steam tractors tried out u 1869--Spring-tooth harrow appears u USDA established
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1870’s u Silos came into use u Deep well drilling first widely used u 1874--Joseph Glidden patents barbed wire. Era of open range grazing ends
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1880’s u 1880--William Deering put 3000 twine binders on the market u 1884--Horse drawn combine used in Pacific Coast wheat areas
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1890’s u 1890--Cream separators came into wide use u 50 labor hours required to produce 100 bushels (5 acres) wheat u 40 labor hours required to produce 100 bushels (2.5 acres) corn
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1900 To 1910 u Annual commercial fertilizer consumption 3.7 million tons u George Washington Carver finds new uses for peanuts, sweet potatoes, and soybeans. Ag in southern United States diversifies u First successful gas tractor is built
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1910 To 1920 u Annual commercial fertilizer consumption 6.1 million tons u Big open-geared gas tractors came into use u 1919--Small prairie type combine with auxiliary engine introduced
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1920’s u 1926--Successful light tractor developed u 1926--Cotton stripper developed u Increased ag production results from expanded use of mechanized power
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1930’s u Annual commercial fertilizer consumption 6.5 million tons u Rubber tired tractor with complementary machinery came into use u 20 labor hours required to produce 100 bushels (2.5 acres) corn
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1940’s u One farmer supplies 10.7 other people u Change from horses to tractors leads to second American ag revolution u Frozen foods popularized u Annual commercial fertilizer consumption 13.6 million tons
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1950’s u One farmer supplies 15.5 others u 1954--Number of tractors on farms exceeds number of horses for first time u Anhydrous ammonia use increases, spurring higher yields
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1960’s u One farmer supplies 25.8 others u Annual commercial fertilizer consumption 32.3 million tons u 5 labor hours required to produce 100 bushels (3.3 acres) wheat using 14 ft. drill and 14 ft. self propelled combine
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1970’s u No-till agriculture popularized u One farmer supplies 75.8 others u 3 hours labor required to produce 100 bushels (1 1/8 acres) corn using tractor, 5 bottom plow, 20 ft. disk, 12 ft. self propelled combine
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1980’s u More farmers using low-till methods to reduce erosion u Farmers using low-input sustainable agriculture (LISA) techniques to reduce chemical applications
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Other 20th Century Advancements u Improved varieties of crop seeds u Development of chemicals to control weeds, insects and other pests u Genetic engineering implemented to improve crops and livestock u Widespread application of computers
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Other 20th Century Advancements u Biotechnology--putting our scientific knowledge of biology (plants and animals) to practical use u BT corn and Roundup Ready Soybeans for example
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