1. Newton’s 2nd and 3rd Laws of Motion
Physics: Chapter 4 Section 3

2. Newton’s 2nd Law Force is proportional to mass and acceleration
The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the object’s mass times the object’s acceleration
If the same force is applied to 2 objects of different mass, the less massive object will accelerate more quickly

3. Newton’s 2nd Law
It obviously takes less force to make the ball accelerate because the ball has less mass.

4. Newton’s 2nd Law F = m•a SI units for force = Newton
***(1 N = 1 kg·m/s2)***
 F = Vector sum of all external forces
acting on a body
 m = mass of the object (in kilograms)
 a = acceleration of the object (in m/s2)

5. Newton’s 2nd Law
Example: Think of the force required to push an empty shopping cart, and the force required to push a full shopping cart. What is the difference?
More force applied = greater acceleration

6. Newton’s 2nd Law Weight ≠ Mass
Weight – the measure of gravity pulling on an object
Mass – the measure of the amount of matter
in an object

7. Newton’s 2nd Law Weight influences shape
On land a supporting skeleton is required
 In water less body support required because the water helps lift the mass
*Animals can be larger if they live in the water

8. Newton’s 2nd Law
Free fall – motion of a body when the only force acting on it is gravity
Terminal velocity – maximum velocity reached when air resistance pushes up as much as gravity pulls down
 Force of gravity pulling down = force of air resistance pushing up

9. Newton’s 3rd Law
For every action there is an equal but opposite reaction
***Action and reaction forces are applied to different objects, but act in pairs (both contact and field forces)
 These forces occur in pairs at the same time, but do not cancel out!
Example: rocketry

10. Newton’s 3rd Law
Hammer and Nail example

11. Newton’s 3rd Law
Actions and Reactions

12. Newton’s 2nd and 3rd Laws Homework
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