1. Measurements and Calculations
The SI System
Measurements and Calculations

2. Système Internationale d'Unités (SI)
an internationally agreed upon system of measurements.
Decimal system (all conversions based on multiples of 10)
SI consists of seven base units.
Base Unit: defined unit in a system of measurement that is based on an object or event in the physical world, and is independent of other units.

3. 1 milliliter is the same volume as 1 cubic centimeter.
1 mL = 1 cm3
1 milliliter is the same volume as 1 cubic centimeter.
1 mL of water has a mass of approximately 1 g
The mass of 1 milliliter of water is approximately 1 gram.
1 L of water has a mass of approximately 1 kg
The mass of 1 liter of water is therefore approximately 1 kilogram.
1 m3 of water has a mass of approximately 1 t
There are 1000 liters in a cubic meter, so the mass of 1 cubic meter of water is approximately kilograms or 1 metric ton.

4. Mass of a nickel is 5 g
A US nickel weighs 5 grams, and a penny weighs 2.5 grams.
A typical doorknob is 1 m high
Although there's no precise standard for doorknob heights, they're often about 1 meter above the floor.

5. The diameter of a CD or DVD is 12 cm
A CD or DVD is 12 centimeters (120 millimeters) across. The diameter of the center hole is 15 millimeters.
1 ha is 1002 m2
1 hectare is square meters, equivalent to the area of a square 100 meters on a side. A football field is about 100 meters long, so imagine a square the length of a football field on each side, and that's 1 hectare.

6. Base Units
The SI base unit of time is the second (s), based on the frequency of radiation given off by a cesium-133 atom.
The SI base unit for length is the meter (m), the distance light travels in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458th of a second.
The SI base unit of mass is the kilogram (kg), about 2.2 pounds

7. SI Base Units

8. MANY DERIVED UNITS Quantity Unit Abbreviation
Speed = Length/Time meter/second m/s
Volume =(Length) 3 (meter) 3 m 3
Density = Mass/Volume kg/m 3 kg/m 3
Acceleration = speed/time m/s 2 m/s 2
Force = Mass x Acc kg m/ s 2 N (Newton)
Pressure = Force/Area kg/m s 2 Pa (Pascal)
Energy = Force x Length kg m 2 / s 2 J (Joule)

9. Prefix
Symbol
Exponential
yotta Y
1024
zetta Z
1021
exa E
1018
peta P
1015
tera T
1012
giga G
109
mega M
106
kilo k
103
hecto h
102
deca da
101
no prefix (base unit)
100
deci d
10¯1
centi c
10¯2
milli m
10¯3
micro
10¯6
nano n
10¯9
pico p
10¯12
femto f
10¯15
atto a
10¯18
zepto z
10¯21
yocto y
10¯24

10. Converting between SI Units
Use the chart like this:
1 prefixed unit = exponential value of the prefix
1 cm = 10-2 m
1 nm = 10-9 m
1 Mm = 106 m
Example:

11. Measurements of Length
Base Unit: the Meter
Centimeter
Millimeter
Nanometer
Micrometer
Picometer

12. Measurement of Mass Measurement of Time
Base Unit: the kilogram (the gram is too small) only prefixed base unit
Measurement of Time
Base Unit: the second

13. Measurement of Temperature
A measure of how hot or how cold something is
A quantity that determines the direction of heat flow: warmer to cooler
Three temperature scales commonly used:
Celsius
Kelvin (absolute)
Fahrenheit

14. To Convert F to C 1.8 degrees F = 1 degree C
F = 32 + (1.8 x degrees C)
Example: Convert 22 degrees C to degrees F
C = F – 32/1.8
Example: Convert 98.6 degrees F to degrees C.

15. To Convert Celsius to Kelvin
0 degrees C = 273 K
K = C + 273
C = K -273
Examples:
Convert 100 degrees C to Kelvin.
Convert 475 K to degrees C
Convert K to degrees C.

16. Volume and Density Calculations
Derived Units
Volume and Density Calculations

17. Volume Base Unit : m 3 Not practical because it is very large
Commonly used: dm 3 Also called “THE LITER (L)”
1 dm = 10 cm
1 cm 3 = 1mL
1 dm 3 = 1 L
NOTE: 1 dm 3 = (10 cm) 3 = 1000 mL= 1000 cm 3 = 1L
Example: Calculate the volume of a cube that is 3.30 cm on each side.

18. Density Mass to volume ratio The mass of a unit volume
density = mass/volume
d = m/v

19. Examples
Calculate the density of a piece of glass with a mass of g and a volume of 2.95 mL.
Calculate the thickness of an aluminum foil cm long and cm wide. The mass of the foil is g. The density of aluminum is 2.70 g/cm 3 . (HINT: We consider the Aluminum foil to be a rectangular solid).

20. Dimensional Analysis (Factor Label)
Method of calculating using the units
Makes word problems and chemistry calculations easy!
Any unit can be converted to another by using appropriate conversion factors
Start unit x final unit = final unit
start unit
Conversion factors (equalities written as fractions)

21. Example
On a picnic, 162 students are each given 2 hot dogs. If there are 9 hot dogs per pound, priced at $ 4 per 3 pounds, what is the cost of the hot dogs?
Note that the following conversion factors can be obtained from the text of the problem:
1 student = 2 hotdogs
9 hot dogs = 1 lb
$4 = 3 lbs
To begin solving the problem, start with a known and keep your goal in mind:
Note that all the units (except $) cancel out!