2. Food and Chemistry

3. Objectives  Describe chemical properties.  Name 3 most important elements to life.  Explain how covalent, hydrogen, and ionic bonds are formed.  Define a molecule.  Identify symbols for hydroxyl, amino, ammonia, methyl, and carboxyl.  Discussion oxidation-reduction reactions.  Describe the two divisions of metabolism.  Describe chemical properties.  Name 3 most important elements to life.  Explain how covalent, hydrogen, and ionic bonds are formed.  Define a molecule.  Identify symbols for hydroxyl, amino, ammonia, methyl, and carboxyl.  Discussion oxidation-reduction reactions.  Describe the two divisions of metabolism.

4. Elements  The atom is the smallest unit of an element that still exhibits the properties of that element.

5. Atoms consist of:  Nucleus  Protons  Neutrons  Electrons  Nucleus  Protons  Neutrons  Electrons

6. Atomic Number  The atomic number of an atom is the total number of protons.  The atomic weight of an atom is the total number of protons plus neutrons.  Chemical properties of an element are determined by the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom.  The atomic number of an atom is the total number of protons.  The atomic weight of an atom is the total number of protons plus neutrons.  Chemical properties of an element are determined by the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom.

7. Periodic Table of the Elements

9. Chemical Bonds  Covalent bonds  Hydrogen bonds  Ionic bonds  Van der Waals bonds  Covalent bonds  Hydrogen bonds  Ionic bonds  Van der Waals bonds

11. Ionic and Van Der Waals  Van Der Waals

12. Bonds cont…

14. Molecules  Molecules are the smallest identifiable unit into which a pure substance can be divided and still retain the composition and chemical properties of that substance.

15. Oxidation-Reduction  Oxidation can be defined very simply as the addition of oxygen.  Reduction can be defined as the removal of oxygen  Rusting of metal  Process of photography  Life processes that produce or use energy

16. Metabolism  Metabolism refers to all the chemical reactions that occur in a living system. Anabolism, or reactions involving the synthesis of compounds. Catabolism, or reactions involving the breakdown of compounds.  Metabolism refers to all the chemical reactions that occur in a living system. Anabolism, or reactions involving the synthesis of compounds. Catabolism, or reactions involving the breakdown of compounds.

17. Organic Chemistry Chemical Symbols of Representations SymbolRepresents CCarbon atom HHydrogen atom NNitrogen atom OOxygen atom OHHydroxyl (alcohol) NH3Ammonia NH2Amino group CH3Methyl group COOHCarboxyl (acid)

18. Organic Chemistry  Carbon-containing molecules  All carbon atoms have four bonds  Each carbon can connect to: Another carbon A hydroxy An amino group An oxygen (double bond)  Carbon-containing molecules  All carbon atoms have four bonds  Each carbon can connect to: Another carbon A hydroxy An amino group An oxygen (double bond)

19. Common Hydroxy Acids

20. Reduction - Oxidation