1. September 11, 2013
What are some things that living things depend on that are not living?

2. Announcements

3. Today’s Objective Identify macromolecules essential to life
Identify the properties of what that make it so important to life

4. Macromolecules
Large molecules made up of smaller subunits called monomers
There are four major bio-molecules
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic acids

5. Carbohydrates Supplies energy to cells Monomers = sugar (glucose)
Polymers = starch

6. Plant Starch Cellulose Tough fibers that give plants structure
Wood/paper

7. Chitin: form of cellulose
Hard exoskeleton of insects and crustaceans

8. Animal Starch Glycogen Stored sugar
released from your liver when the glucose in your blood runs low
Supplies your muscles with energy for contraction/movement

9. Unsaturated fat and fatty acid Saturated fat and fatty acid
Lipids
Unsaturated fat and fatty acid
double bond
causes bending
Less Hydrogen
Store energy
Insulate/protect
Saturated fat and fatty acid
Filled with Hydrogen

10. Phospholipids Make up the cell membrane
Allows molecules in and out of cell
Hydrophilic
head
WATER
Hydrophobic
tail
Figure 5.14

11. Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA
Store vital information in each cell for making proteins
Made of nucleotides

12. Proteins Wide variety: combo of amino acids (20)
Carry out chemical reactions
Transport molecules
Fight diseases

13. Protein Structure… Determines Function

14. Enzymes

15. What monomers are bonded together to form proteins?
Nucleotides
Amino acids
Fatty acids
Glucose

16. This macromolecule is the main source of energy for living things.
Lipids
Protein
Carbohydrate
Nucleic Acid

17. What macromolecule is DNA an example of?

18. This macromolecule controls the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes

19. What macromolecule would you typically find in this food?

20. How about this food?

21. And this?

22. 2-2 Properties of Water
Polarity– unequal sharing of electrons between. creates a slight charge
Hydrogen end = positive
Oxygen end = negative

23. Cohesion Attraction between molecules of the same substance
Water molecules produce Surface Tension
May support light objects

24. Watery Examples

25. Adhesion Attraction between molecules of different substances
Capillary Action
Causes water to rise
in a narrow tube against
gravity

26. Water conducting cells
Capillary Example
Helps pull water up through the microscopic vessels of plants
Water conducting cells
100 µm
Figure 3.3

27. Mixtures Involving Water
Solutions: all components are evenly distributed
Solute—substance dissolved
Solvent—substance which dissolves solutes

28. Suspensions Mixtures of water and nondissolved material
Small pieces that do not settle out

29. Acids, Bases, and pH
Acids: compounds that contain higher concentrations of H+ ions than pure water
pH values below 7
Bases: compounds that contain low concentrations of H+ and high amounts of OH- ions
pH values above 7

30. pH Scale (potential of Hydrogen)