1. HOW SOAP WORKS

2. WHAT IS SOAP? A mixture of sodium salts of various naturally occurring fatty acids A mixture of sodium salts of various naturally occurring fatty acids Soap is a cleansing agent made from an alkali acting on natural oils and fats Soap is a cleansing agent made from an alkali acting on natural oils and fats An alkali is a hydroxide or carbonate of an alkali metal An alkali is a hydroxide or carbonate of an alkali metal

3. HOW IT WORKS Most soaps remove grease and dirt because some of their components are surfactants (surface-active agents) Most soaps remove grease and dirt because some of their components are surfactants (surface-active agents) Surfactants have a molecular structure that acts as a link between water and the dirt particles Surfactants have a molecular structure that acts as a link between water and the dirt particles This loosens the particles from the underlying fibers or surfaces to be cleaned This loosens the particles from the underlying fibers or surfaces to be cleaned One end of the molecule is hydrophilic (attracted to water) One end of the molecule is hydrophilic (attracted to water) The other is hydrophobic (attracted to substances that are not water soluble) The other is hydrophobic (attracted to substances that are not water soluble)

4. WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE?

5. SOAP AND SURFACE TENSION

7. HOW SOAP AFFECTS MILK Milk is mostly water but it also contains vitamins, minerals, proteins, and tiny droplets of fat suspended in solution Milk is mostly water but it also contains vitamins, minerals, proteins, and tiny droplets of fat suspended in solution When you add soap, the weak chemical bonds that hold the proteins in solution are altered When you add soap, the weak chemical bonds that hold the proteins in solution are altered Soap molecules combine to form a cluster called a micelle Soap molecules combine to form a cluster called a micelle

8. MICELLES – CLUSTERS OF SOAP MOLECULES

9. MICELLESMICELLES Micelles distribute the fat in the milk Micelles distribute the fat in the milk This rapidly mixing fat and soap causes swirling and churning where a micelle meets a fat droplet This rapidly mixing fat and soap causes swirling and churning where a micelle meets a fat droplet When there are micelles and fat droplets everywhere the motion stops, but not until after you've enjoyed the show! When there are micelles and fat droplets everywhere the motion stops, but not until after you've enjoyed the show! “What show,” you ask??? “What show,” you ask???