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Honors Biology Chapter 1 Section 4 SC B-1: Students will demonstrate an understanding of how scientific inquiry & technological design can be used to pose questions, seek answers, & develop solutions
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Essential Question: How would you compare & contrast a light microscope & an electron microscope?
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Metric System used by most scientists based on certain physical standards scaled on multiples of 10 used in SI
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Common Metric Units length 1 meter (m) = 100 centimeters(cm) 1 meter (m) = 1000 millimeters (mm) 1000 meters(m) = 1 kilometer (km) mass 1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams (g) 1 gram (g) = 1000 milligrams (mg) 1000 kilograms (kg) = 1 metric ton (t)
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more metric units volume 1liter (L) = 1000milliliters( mL) 1 liter (L) = 1000 cubic centimeters (cm3) temperature 0◦ C = freezing point of water 100◦ C = boiling point of water
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Analyzing Biological Data Data Tables create a table to record information measured in an experiment name the table
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Biological Data new field of BIOINFORMATICS Computers used: To store data To make sense of data To collect da ta
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Microscopes devices that produce magnified images of structures too small to see with naked eye
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Light Microscopes produce images by focusing visible light rays through a specimen limitations < 0.2 µ
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Electron Microscope produce magnified images by focusing beams of electrons on specimen
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Compound Light Microscope up to 1000x magnification light passes through the specimen uses 2 lenses specimen dead or alive (if very small) specimen may be stained to improve visulaization Stain entire cell Stain selected organelles or macromolecules
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Parts of a Microscope Appendix D: Parts& Functions
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Electron Microscopes Can produce images 1000 times more detailed than light microscope
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Types of Electron Microscopes TEMs (Transmission Electron Microscope) beam of e- goes thru specimen SEMs (Scanning Electron Microscopes) beam scan across surface of specimen
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comparing Microscopes Electron Compound Light cannot use living cells Very expensive higher resolution Specimen could be living Price not an issue Size limitations
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Laboratory Techniques
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Cell Cultures Take small sample of cells & place in petri dish with nutrients & allowed to divide.
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Cell Cultures might use the culture to: 1. test cell responses under controlled conditions 2. study interactions between cells 3. select certain cells for further study
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HeLa Cells Taken from a patient with cervical cancer in 1950’s Cells are still growing!
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Bacterial Cultures Made whenever something has been tested for infection
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Cell Fractionation Separates cells into parts
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Cell Fractionation
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Lab Safety Rules Always follow read through lab completely before starting Always follow instructions Ask if you do not understand directions Always wash your hands at end of lab
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