1. Honors Biology Chapter 1 Section 4 SC B-1: Students will demonstrate an understanding of how scientific inquiry & technological design can be used to pose questions, seek answers, & develop solutions

2. Essential Question:  How would you compare & contrast a light microscope & an electron microscope?

3. Metric System  used by most scientists  based on certain physical standards  scaled on multiples of 10  used in SI

4. Common Metric Units length 1 meter (m) = 100 centimeters(cm) 1 meter (m) = 1000 millimeters (mm) 1000 meters(m) = 1 kilometer (km) mass 1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams (g) 1 gram (g) = 1000 milligrams (mg) 1000 kilograms (kg) = 1 metric ton (t)

5. more metric units volume 1liter (L) = 1000milliliters( mL) 1 liter (L) = 1000 cubic centimeters (cm3) temperature 0◦ C = freezing point of water 100◦ C = boiling point of water

6. Analyzing Biological Data  Data Tables create a table to record information measured in an experiment name the table

7. Biological Data  new field of BIOINFORMATICS  Computers used: To store data To make sense of data To collect da ta

8. Microscopes  devices that produce magnified images of structures too small to see with naked eye

9. Light Microscopes  produce images by focusing visible light rays through a specimen  limitations < 0.2 µ

10. Electron Microscope  produce magnified images by focusing beams of electrons on specimen

11. Compound Light Microscope  up to 1000x magnification  light passes through the specimen  uses 2 lenses  specimen dead or alive (if very small)  specimen may be stained to improve visulaization Stain entire cell Stain selected organelles or macromolecules

12. Parts of a Microscope  Appendix D: Parts& Functions

13. Electron Microscopes  Can produce images 1000 times more detailed than light microscope

14. Types of Electron Microscopes  TEMs (Transmission Electron Microscope)  beam of e- goes thru specimen  SEMs (Scanning Electron Microscopes)  beam scan across surface of specimen

15. comparing Microscopes Electron Compound Light  cannot use living cells  Very expensive  higher resolution  Specimen could be living  Price not an issue  Size limitations

16. Laboratory Techniques

17. Cell Cultures  Take small sample of cells & place in petri dish with nutrients & allowed to divide.

18. Cell Cultures  might use the culture to: 1. test cell responses under controlled conditions 2. study interactions between cells 3. select certain cells for further study

19. HeLa Cells  Taken from a patient with cervical cancer in 1950’s  Cells are still growing!

20. Bacterial Cultures  Made whenever something has been tested for infection

22. Cell Fractionation  Separates cells into parts

23. Cell Fractionation

24. Lab Safety Rules  Always follow read through lab completely before starting  Always follow instructions  Ask if you do not understand directions  Always wash your hands at end of lab