1. TOPIC: Heat AIM: What is heat & how is it measured?

2. What you will learn:
Define temp.
Explain how thermal energy and temp are related.
Calculate the change in thermal energy of an object due to temp change.

3. Why is it important:
Cars, buses, trucks and airplanes could not operate without thermal energy.
What is kinetic energy?
Review vocab:
Kinetic energy: energy an object has due to motion

4. New Vocab
Kinetic theory
Kelvin
Temp
Thermal energy
Heat
Specific heat

5. Kinetic Theory of Matter
Matter is made of molecules that are always in motion which collide & transfer their Kinetic Energy

6. Molecules are always moving which produces heat
The more heat that is contained the
faster the molecules move

7. What are molecules?

8. Tiny particles that make up matter
Molecules
Tiny particles that make up matter

9. Example: 1 molecule of water = H2O
5 molecules of water

10. Molecules moving (have KE)

11. What is
heat?
Energy caused by internal motion of molecules
Energy moves from warm  cooler region

12. Measure of how hot or cold something is
Temperature
Measure of how hot or cold something is
Measure of average KE of molecules

13. Analyzing relationships
If heat is added to an object the molecules move ________, which _________ the Kinetic Energy, which causes the temperature to _________.
faster
increases
increase

14. Low temp = slower moving
High temp = fast moving

15. The average kinetic energy of the particles in the soup is greater than the average kinetic energy of the particles in the ice cream.

16. 70°F
70°F
The pail of water has fewer molecules in it than the ocean does. Even though they may be the same temperature, the pail of water has less heat than the ocean.

17. For measuring temperature Tube filled with a fluid such as mercury
Thermometer
For measuring temperature
Tube filled with a fluid such as mercury

18. Heated molecules move faster and far apart
Mercury expands & rises up tube

19. Cooled  molecules slow & move closer together 
Mercury contracts and drops

21. Heated
Liquid level
rises
Cooled
Liquid level
drops

23. Fahrenheit
Scale
Non-metric temp scale °F

24. Water freezes = 32°F
Water boils = 212°F
Human body temp = 98.6°F

25. Celsius
Scale
Metric scale °C

26. Water freezes = 0°C
Water boils = 100°C
Human body temp = 37°C

27. Kelvin
scale
Metric scale
Units = Kelvins (K)

28. Absolute Zero = 0K
(coldest temp = when molecules stop moving)

31. Celsius + 273K
Conversions
°C  K

32. K  °C
Kelvin - 273

33. =
329K
Example:
56°C = ? K

34. 400 – 273 =
127 °C
Example
400K ? °C

35. Increasing  heat ADDED
Changing
Temp
Increasing  heat ADDED
Decreasing  heat being REMOVED

36. CALORIES unit of heat 1 calorie = 4.184 J
How is
heat
measured?
CALORIES
unit of heat
1 calorie = J
Amount of heat needed to raise the temp of 1g of water 1°C

37. 1000 calories (1 kilocalorie) = 1 food Calorie

38. Your body uses the calories in food for heat and energy
Your body uses the calories in food for heat and energy. Some foods contain more calories than others, and therefore provide your body with a concentration of energy. Foods that are high in calories contain large amounts of chemical energy, often more than your body can properly break down and use. What's left over is often stored as fat. That's why people on diets avoid foods that are high in calories.

40. TOPIC: Heat AIM: What is thermal expansion?

41. Expansion (increase in size) of a substance caused by heat
Thermal
Expansion
Expansion (increase in size) of a substance caused by heat
Temp increases  molecules move faster & farther apart

42. Examples:
1. The rising of mercury/ alcohol in a thermometer

43. 2.
Hot air balloons rise
because heated air expands

44. When both ball and ring are at room temperature, the ball fits through the ring.
When the ball is heated, it no longer fits due to thermal expansion.

45. Spaces between the joints allow the metals in the bridge to expand.

47. Read article on thermometer and absolute zero
Summary:
Recap lesson
Read article on thermometer and absolute zero
Paraphrase partners?