1. CHAPTER 14 CONCURRENT ENROLLMENT

2. NOMENCLATURE Carbonyl group Carbonyl group

3. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES With no hydrogen’s attached to the ketones and aldehydes, no hydrogen bonding can occur Boiling point is lower than alcohols of comparable molecular weight Boiling point is higher than alkanes, because aldehydes and ketones are polar molecules Table 14.2 page 450 Low weight aldehydes and ketones are water soluble

4. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Oxidation

5. CONTINUE Tollens’ reagent Tollens’ reagent A mild oxidizing solution containing silver ions used to test for aldehydes A mild oxidizing solution containing silver ions used to test for aldehydes Look at page 453, the silver coats the surface and forms a mirror Look at page 453, the silver coats the surface and forms a mirror Read over the counter page 453 Read over the counter page 453 Benedict’s reagent Benedict’s reagent A mild oxidizing solution containing Cu 2+ ions used to test for the presence of aldehydes A mild oxidizing solution containing Cu 2+ ions used to test for the presence of aldehydes Look at page 454, solution goes from blue to red if there is an aldehyde Look at page 454, solution goes from blue to red if there is an aldehyde

6. ADDITION OF HYDROGEN AND ALCOHOL

7. CONTINUE Hemiacetal Hemiacetal A compound that contains A compound that contains

8. CONTINUE Hemiketal Hemiketal A compound that contains A compound that contains Ketal Ketal A compound that contains A compound that contains

9. CONTINUE How hemiacetal reactions occur page 457 How hemiacetal reactions occur page 457 Learning check 14.5 page 458 Learning check 14.5 page 458 Reaction map for aldehydes and ketones page 459 Reaction map for aldehydes and ketones page 459 Acetals react with water to form an aldehyde and 2 alcohols Acetals react with water to form an aldehyde and 2 alcohols Ketals react with water to form a ketone and 2 alcohols Ketals react with water to form a ketone and 2 alcohols

10. IMPORTANT ALDEHYDES AND KETONES Hydrolysis Hydrolysis Splits a water molecule, bond breakage by reaction with water Splits a water molecule, bond breakage by reaction with water Learning check 14.6 page 460 Learning check 14.6 page 460 Do examples on page 461 and learning check 14.7 Do examples on page 461 and learning check 14.7 READ PAGES 462-467 READ PAGES 462-467