1. WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies W W61 Water in Emergencies Session 6 Meeting Immediate Needs

2. WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies W W62 Immediate Water Priorities – Fast Onset Emergency Save life Prevent dehydration Safeguard health Prevent risks to safety or dignity Speed Survival supply Time to prepare alternatives

3. WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies W W63 Immediate Responses – Fast Onset Emergencies Tankering - from piped supplies Package treatment kits Temporary storage – bladders, tanks Bottled water – flown in by helicopter in Kurdistan Bucket chlorination at point of water collection Distribution water containers

4. WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies W W64 Tankering & Filling Gantry Ethiopia S House / WEDC Ethiopia S House / WEDC

5. WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies W W65 Flatbed Truck, Bladders & Tapstand Supply to a reception site for refugees from Burundi All photos - Zaire S House / WEDC

6. WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies W W66 Packaged Treatment Kits – EMWAT Ethiopia T Gossa / UNICEF Scandanavian Water Technology, leaflet Serving 3,000 – 4,000 people

7. WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies W W67 Packaged Treatment Kits – Mecklow Aqupur Doser does not require electricity to work Can produce up to 1,000 litres / hour Treatment unit = 1m x 1m x 1.5m Weight is 250kg empty Stores 670 litres of treated water www.meckow.com

8. WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies W W68 Packaged Kits Centrifugal pump & on-line doser REDR OXFAM

9. WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies W W69 OXFAM Tanks OXFAM

10. WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies W W610 OXFAM

11. WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies W W611 Emergency Container-Based Chlorination 1% stock solution - injected directly into users containers at point of water collection Chlorine tablets Household bottles of water – e.g. WaterGuard Packaged coagulant / disinfectant – e.g. PUR, WaterMaker

12. WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies W W612 Davies & Lambert (1995) Engineering in Emergencies, REDR & ITDG

13. WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies W W613 Chlorination – Important Points 1.Information for users – Why? How? Taste? 2.Training & on-going monitoring – check correct use 3.Care when agencies using different makes - different instructions and mix volumes 4.Check instructions – can vary even for same product 5.Turbidity & type of water affects use – test samples & residuals before distribution 6.Work closely with hygiene promotion staff - ensure effective communication with users, training, support

14. WASH Cluster – Water in Emergencies W W614 Chlorination – Handout Background Safety Bulk chlorination & making 1% solution Container based chlorination Floating pot chlorinators Chlorination when – cold climates, pH>8, turbidity >5NTU Handout W4.5