1. WASH Response to Urban Floods Session 3 Plan and Response to Urban Floods UF31 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF

2. 2 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF Session overview Session objectives and overview of activities5 mins Stakeholders in the response20 mins WASH technical solutions in an urban flood setting60 mins Questions & feedback5 mins Case Study: Gonaïves, Haiti, 200820 mins Good practices in an urban flood setting20 mins Group activity – WASH response matrix45 mins Questions and feedback5 Total time3 hrs UF3

3. 3 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF Stakeholders in planning for the WASH response in an urban floods setting Identify key stakeholders in planning the WASH response? Role of each group in planning for the response? UF3

4. Hygiene Promotion – considerations in an urban flood setting 4 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF Additional items may be included in the non-food item (NFI) / hygiene kits e.g. impregnated mosquito nets, oral rehydration salts * Additional messages for communication efforts:  Management of diarrhoea, malaria, urinary infection  Operation and maintenance of facilities given high groundwater levels  Hygienic waste disposal - avoiding drainage systems and waterways becoming blocked with waste Specific targeting of different groups, distinguishing between those residing in camps and those in dwellings * Approach to managing diarrhoea to be agreed with MoH and Health Cluster UF3

5. Water supply – basic repairs to water treatment works (WTWs) 5 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF Inform the WASH Cluster / sector agencies Acquire resources Start clearing the mud and evacuating stagnant water Repair the electrical system Repair or replace damaged pumps and valves Repair the water treatment tanks and reservoirs Provide chemical reagents and treatment agents Repair the pipes Source: Branched distribution network (WEDC) UF3

6. Water supply – restart of machinery 6 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF 1.Switch on power and verify electrical functioning 2.Check functioning of each pump or group of pumps 3.Set in motion the water treatment process 4.Measure the flow and dosage of the treatment chemicals 5.Perform the ‘Jar test’ 6.Measure the turbidity of water 7.Check residence time in each treatment stage 8.Check water quality  Turbidity: should not exceed 2 NTU  pH: between 6.8 and 7.2 to allow effective chlorination.  Microbial contamination: 0 thermotolerant coliforms per 100 ml.  Residual aluminium: <0.5mg per litre.  Heavy metals and organic pollutants: Refer to ‘WHO guidelines for Water Quality’, (WHO, 2006). UF3

7. Water supply – immediate measures 7 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF UF3

8. Exercise – identify excreta disposal options suitable for immediate response 8 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF 1.Pit latrines 2.Chemical “Portaloo” toilets 3.Pour-flush toilets 4.Storage tank latrines 5.Packet latrines 6.Bucket latrines 7.Floating latrines 8.Rapid kit (type) latrines 9.Raised urine-diversion (UD) toilets 10.Repair existing excreta disposal facilities 11.Temporary latrine structures installed directly over the sewer inspection covers 12.Overhung latrines UF3

9. Excreta disposal - immediate measures 9 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF 1.Pit latrines 2.Chemical “Portaloo” toilets 3.Pour-flush toilets 4.Storage tank latrines 5.Packet latrines 6.Bucket latrines 7.Floating latrines 8.Rapid kit (type) latrines 9.Raised urine-diversion (UD) toilets 10.Repair existing excreta disposal facilities 11.Temporary latrine structures installed directly over the sewer inspection covers 12.Overhung latrines UF3

10. Excreta disposal – lesson learned 10 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF Source: ACF A floating latrine in an urban flooded city of Borneo: A coping mechanism with poor public health implications UF3

11. Vector control – immediate measures 11 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF Response options: Chemical vector control Environmental sanitation measures Personnel protection measures VectorDisease/Condition MosquitoesDengue, Malaria, Yellow Fever, Fever, F ilariasis, etc. RatsLeptospirosis, Hanta virus, Bubonic plague, Typhus, etc. Flies & Cockroaches Diarrhoeal diseases Ticks, Fleas, Lice Typhus UF3

12. Case Study: Gonaïves, Haiti, 2008 12 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF Source: UNICEF UF3

13. Rapid Emergency Needs Assessment13 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF Gonaïves floods: First response Deployment of heavy bulldozers (D9-D10) and trucks to remove mud and gain access to the city Water trucking to provide emergency supply US Coast Guard airlifts water, hygiene kits, food and shelter Source: The Boston Globe

14. 14 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF Gonaïves floods: Examples of appropriate WASH response Installation of 2Km flexible pipeline equipped with 15 tap stands Distribution of POU filtering kits Utilisation of urban population density to support more efficent water distribution schemes A standpipe installation supplying about 1000 inhabitants UF3

15. 15 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF Gonaïves floods: Examples of appropriate WASH response cont. Collaboration with Government and other stakeholders to broadcast hygiene messages via radio Distribution of packet latrines for those remaining in their homes WASH Cluster used as a forum for solving WASH technical problems Source: Waves of Change: Haiti Community Radio UF3

16. Good practice – be innovative 16 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF Source: Dhaka Ahsania Mission A Chulli Water Purifier, local technology in Bangladesh Source: ALNAP, 2009 Registering a beneficiary with a handheld device UF3

17. Good practice – creative partnerships 17 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF Between agencies including NGOs and government agencies (national and international) With the private sector (national and international) Between donors and implementers With local communities and CBOs With researchers and academics UF3

18. Good practice – use of local materials 18 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF Prioritise use of local materials, similar to those used previously, to repair and rehabilitate infrastructure. With replacements, use similar locally-available parts e.g. electrical devices, pumps, valves, and pipelines, wherever possible. Source: Oxfam UF3

19. Good practice – community mobilisation 19 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF Consider community mobilisation for post-flood clean up: Blocked urban drainage systems Accumulation of mud and flood related debris in the streets Flooded homes containing silt and flood-related debris Disposal of destroyed household possessions Source: ACF UF3

20. Good practice – disaster risk reduction 20 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF In areas at risk of recurrent flood emergencies, it is important to incorporate DRR activities into the response Source: ACF UF3

21. Good practice – water source protection 21 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF Water source protection e.g. raising hand‐pumps may be more cost‐effective than providing additional supplies Source: ACF UF3

22. Cross-cutting issues – good practice 22 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF Specific targeting and tailoring the response to different groups affected by the floods UF3

23. 23 WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF Key Learning Points Importance of coordination and partnership building with local authorities, water boards and suppliers Interventions should focus on getting municipal supplies operating as quickly as possible There are a range of immediate short term WASH solutions appropriate in an urban flood setting The response should be tailored for different groups affected differently by the flood Main problems often ‘software’ rather than ‘hardware’ Emergency preparedness is an essential consideration in urban contexts. UF3