1. Urban Theory

2. Burgess Model

3. Concentric Rings

4. Urban Transect

5. Hoyt Model

6. Central Business District (CBD)
As land values increase towards the city centre buildings become higher. It is cheaper to build upwards than across
Has the departmental shops, large offices, main railway and bus stations, many churches, pubs, clubs and cinemas and the town hall
The main roads head into the C.B.D.
C.B.D.s suffer from the worst traffic congestion

7. Inner-city
Old factories and houses are mixed in together as they were built when most people walked to work
Housing is usually terraced housing, in rows
There are often empty buildings, derelict land, vandalism, crime, poverty, unemployment and other social and economic problems
Recent changes have taken place in these areas; many high rise multi-storey residential blocks of flats have been built

8. Suburbs Younger buildings than in the middle of the city
Cul-de-sacs (dead ends) slow down traffic to make the streets safer
More detached and semi-detached houses; as the land is less expensive people have gardens
Fewer factories than the inner city
More open space and parks
Many people travel from here to the city for work
Less pollution than the centre of the city

9. Rural-Urban Fringe This is on the boundary of the town and country
As towns and cities expand, more countryside is being used for housing
Only possible as most houses now have at least one car
There are also out-of-town shopping centres and supermarkets